Analgesia

A review of strain and sex differences in response to pain and analgesia in mice

Pain and its alleviation are currently a highly studied issue in human health. Research on pain and response to analgesia has evolved to include the effects of genetics, heritability, and sex as important components in both humans and animals. The...

Year Published: 2020Topics: Analgesia, Welfare AssessmentAnimal Type: Mouse, Rodent

Citation: Smith J. C. 2019. A review of strain and sex differences in response to pain and analgesia in mice. Comparative Medicine 69(6), 490–500.

Use of flavored tablets of gabapentin and carprofen to attenuate postoperative hypersensitivity in an incisional pain model in rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Providing postoperative analgesia to rats by oral administration, compared with injections, reduces stress from frequent handling and is technically easier for investigators. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether bacon-flavored tablets containing gabapentin, carprofen or a combination of...

Year Published: 2020Topics: Analgesia, Disease/Experimental ModelAnimal Type: Rat, Rodent

Citation: Zude, B. P., Jampachaisri, K., Pacharinsak, C. 2020. Use of flavored tablets of gabapentin and carprofen to attenuate postoperative hypersensitivity in an incisional pain model in rats (Rattus norvegicus). JAALAS 59(2), 163–169.

Defining and managing pain in stroke and traumatic brain injury research

Neurologic conditions such as stroke and traumatic brain injury are challenging conditions to study in humans. Animal models are necessary to uncover disease processes and develop novel therapies. When attempting to model these or other neurologic diseases, the accompanying anesthesia...

Year Published: 2020Topics: Analgesia, Anesthesia & Sedation, Disease/Experimental ModelAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Larson, C. M., Wilcox, G. L., Fairbanks, C. A. 2019. Defining and managing pain in stroke and traumatic brain injury research. Comparative Medicine 69(6), 510–519.

An Anglocentric history of anaesthetics and analgesics in the refinement of animal experiments

Previous histories of animal experimentation, e.g., Franco (2013) have focused on ethics, the law and the personalities involved, but not on the involvement of anaesthetics or analgesics. Given that these were major subjects of (UK) Parliamentary debates on vivisection in...

Year Published: 2020Topics: Analgesia, Anesthesia & SedationAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Clutton, R. E. 2020. An Anglocentric history of anaesthetics and analgesics in the refinement of animal experiments. Animals 10(10), 1933.

Clinical management of pain in rodents

The use of effective regimens for mitigating pain remain underutilized in research rodents despite the general acceptance of both the ethical imperative and regulatory requirements intended to maximize animal welfare. Factors contributing to this gap between the need for and...

Year Published: 2020Topics: AnalgesiaAnimal Type: Guinea Pig, Mouse, Rat, Rodent

Citation: Foley, P. L., Kendall, L. V., Turner, P. V. 2019. Clinical management of pain in rodents. Comparative Medicine 69(6), 468–489.

Combination of ketamine and xylazine with opioids and acepromazine in rats: Physiological changes and their analgesic effect analysed by ultrasonic vocalization

In this study, the effect of four anaesthetic protocols that included the combination of xylazine (X) and ketamine (K) with acepromazine (A) and opioids (methadone (Me), morphine (Mo) or tramadol (T)) was evaluated in laboratory rats of both sexes. Ultrasonic...

Year Published: 2020Topics: Analgesia, Anesthesia & SedationAnimal Type: Rat, Rodent

Citation: Alemán-Laporte, J., Bandini, L. A., Garcia-Gomes, M. S. et al. 2020. Combination of ketamine and xylazine with opioids and acepromazine in rats: Physiological changes and their analgesic effect analysed by ultrasonic vocalization. Laboratory Animals 54(2), 171–182.

Preliminary findings on a novel behavioural approach for the assessment of pain and analgesia in lambs subject to routine husbandry procedures

The identification and assessment of pain in sheep under field conditions are important, but, due to their stoic nature, are fraught with many challenges. In Australia, various husbandry procedures that are documented to cause pain are routinely performed at lamb...

Year Published: 2020Topics: Analgesia, Body Modification/Mutilation, Welfare AssessmentAnimal Type: Sheep

Citation: Grant, E. P., Wickham, S. L., Anderson, F. et al. 2020. Preliminary findings on a novel behavioural approach for the assessment of pain and analgesia in lambs subject to routine husbandry procedures. Animals 10(7), 1148.

Improving pain management for murine orthotopic xenograft models of acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Despite ongoing research, realistic in vitro models for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that can mimic the complex pathology are still not available, highlighting the need for continuous animal-based investigation. As part of the 3R principles, constant refinement of animal experiments...

Year Published: 2025Topics: Analgesia, Disease/Experimental ModelAnimal Type: Mouse, Rodent

Citation: Schreiber, T., Lange, S., Talbot, S. R. et al. 2025. Improving pain management for murine orthotopic xenograft models of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Lab Animal 54(11), 313–320.

Behavioral assessment of tramadol and meloxicam effects on postoperative pain in a rat craniotomy model

Stereotaxic surgery is a common procedure in neuroscience, yet effective analgesic protocols require further study and refinement to optimize the analgesia used in invasive procedures and to improve animal welfare. This study evaluated the effects of tramadol and meloxicam, alone...

Year Published: 2025Topics: Analgesia, Disease/Experimental ModelAnimal Type: Rat, Rodent

Citation: Alemán-Laporte, J., Alvarado, G., Pellagio, N. B. et al. 2025. Behavioral assessment of tramadol and meloxicam effects on postoperative pain in a rat craniotomy model. JAALAS 64(4), 716–725.

Comparison of the anxiolytic and analgesic effects of gabapentin and pregabalin in cats: A systematic review

The present study aimed to systematically review the anxiolytic and analgesic effects of gabapentin and pregabalin in domestic cats to assess the quality of using these medications for stress, fear, and anxiety management, and the treatment of both acute and...

Year Published: 2025Topics: AnalgesiaAnimal Type: Cat

Citation: Miranda-Cortés, A. E., Prado-Ochoa, M. G., Díaz-Torres, R. et al. 2025. Comparison of the anxiolytic and analgesic effects of gabapentin and pregabalin in cats: A systematic review. Animals 15(16), 2346.