Restraint

Influence of restraint and ketamine anesthesia on adrenal steroids, progesterone, and gonadotropins in rhesus monkeys

Determination of basal circulating hormone levels in nonhuman primates presents a problem since handling or restraint of the animal for venipuncture may introduce sufficient stress to change hormonal secretion. ...Each bleeding was made in conscious [female] monkeys after restraining the...

Year Published: 1984Topics: Anesthesia & Sedation, RestraintAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Fuller, G. B., Hobson, W. C., Reyes, F. I. et al. 1984. Influence of restraint and ketamine anesthesia on adrenal steroids, progesterone, and gonadotropins in rhesus monkeys. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 175, 487-490.

Restraint stress decreases afternoon plasma prolactin levels in female rats: Influence of neural antagonists and agonists on restraint-induced changes in plasma prolactin and corticosteroid

Restraint resulted in decreased plasma prolactin levels in female rats.

Year Published: 1986Topics: RestraintAnimal Type: Rat, Rodent

Citation: Gala, R. R., Haisenleder, D. J. 1986. Restraint stress decreases afternoon plasma prolactin levels in female rats: Influence of neural antagonists and agonists on restraint-induced changes in plasma prolactin and corticosteroid. Neuroendocrinology 43, 115-123.

Cortisol response of female rhesus monkeys to venipuncture in homecage versus venipuncture in restraint apparatus

All subjects were well habituated to blood collection, and it was not necessary to immobilize them; they readily presented a leg for venipuncture. In single monkeys venipunctured in the restraint apparatus, cortisol concentrations were on average 50% higher 15 minutes...

Year Published: 1990Topics: Biological Sampling & Physiological Measurement, RestraintAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V., Cowley, D., Scheffler, J. et al. 1990. Cortisol response of female rhesus monkeys to venipuncture in homecage versus venipuncture in restraint apparatus. Journal of Medical Primatology 19, 601-606.

Impact of venipuncture on physiological research conducted in conscious macaques

A survey of 397 publications dealing with macaques was conducted. Stress-sensitive physiological data collected during venipuncture were evaluated in 58 reports. Despite of the fact that venipuncture often is a stressful event for research animals, 81% of the studies did...

Year Published: 1991Topics: Biological Sampling & Physiological Measurement, RestraintAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1991. Impact of venipuncture on physiological research conducted in conscious macaques. Journal of Experimental Animal Science 34(5-6), 212-217.

Transport-cage training of caged rhesus macaques

A simple training protocol is described which ensures that [most] caged animals readily enter a transport cage.

Year Published: 1992Topics: Animal Training, Handling, RestraintAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1992. Transport-cage training of caged rhesus macaques. Animal Technology 43, 57-61.

Training a large troop of rhesus macaques to co-operate during catching: Analysis of the time investment

This study demonstrates that only a minimal time investment was needed to train a large troop of laboratory non-human primates to co-operate in the catching procedure. A group of 45 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) was trained to enter a chute...

Year Published: 1994Topics: Animal Training, Handling, RestraintAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Luttrell, L., Acker, L., Urben, M. et al. 1994. Training a large troop of rhesus macaques to co-operate during catching: Analysis of the time investment. Animal Welfare 3(2), 135-140.

Traditional handling procedures of laboratory nonhuman primates are an intrinsic source of distress: What can be done?

With some professional expertise and goodwill, there should be no real need to resort to forceful restraint when doing research with nonhuman primates.

Year Published: 1994Topics: Animal Training, RestraintAnimal Type: Baboon, Capuchin, Chimpanzee, Lemur, Macaque, Marmoset, Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate, Owl Monkey, Squirrel Monkey, Vervet (African Green Monkey)

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1994. Traditional handling procedures of laboratory nonhuman primates are an intrinsic source of distress: What can be done? In Touch 1(4), 1 & 6-7.

Restraint methods of laboratory non-human primates: A critical review

Published information provides scientific evidence that traditional, involuntary restraint techniques of research non-human primates are intrinsically a source of distress resulting from fear. It has been documented that common methods of enforced restraint result in significantly increased adrenal activity as...

Year Published: 1995Topics: Animal Training, RestraintAnimal Type: Baboon, Chimpanzee, Macaque, Marmoset, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V., Liss, C., Stevens, C. 1995. Restraint methods of laboratory non-human primates: A critical review. Animal Welfare 4(3), 221-238 .

Training nonhuman primates to cooperate during handling procedures: A review

Twenty-six reports provide detailed information of how primates can be trained to voluntarily cooperate - rather than resist - during blood collection, injection, topical drug application, blood pressure measurement, urine collection, and capture.

Year Published: 1997Topics: Animal Training, Biological Sampling & Physiological Measurement, Cannulation, Catheterization, & Intubation, Human-Animal Interaction, RestraintAnimal Type: Baboon, Capuchin, Chimpanzee, Lemur, Macaque, Marmoset, Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate, Owl Monkey, Squirrel Monkey, Vervet (African Green Monkey)

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1997. Training nonhuman primates to cooperate during handling procedures: A review. Animal Technology 48, 55-73.

Training and remote monitoring of cardiovascular parameters in non-human primates

The use of "pre-invasive" implantable radio telemetry has revolutionized the collection of physiological data under stress-free conditions. It is now possible to measure accurately 'normal' baseline data of haemodynamic and electrical parameters in conscious and unrestrained monkeys. The use of...

Year Published: 1997Topics: Animal Training, Biological Sampling & Physiological Measurement, RestraintAnimal Type: Macaque, Marmoset, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Schnell, C. R., Gerber, P. 1997. Training and remote monitoring of cardiovascular parameters in non-human primates. Primate Report 49, 61-70.