Environmental Enrichment

Behavioral effects of enrichment devices on laboratory primates with stereotypic and self-directed behavior

Single-caged long-tailed macaques showed a decrease in self-directed behavior, especially self-biting, floating limb, hair pulling, and excessive licking, when treats were in the feeder. Paradoxically, both pacing and rocking increased when treats were in the feeder. A temporary reduction in...

Year Published: 1993Topics: Abnormal/Problematic Behavior, Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Watson, L. M., Cosby, R., Lee-Parritz, D. E. 1993. Behavioral effects of enrichment devices on laboratory primates with stereotypic and self-directed behavior. American Journal of Primatology 31, 355-356 (Abstract).

Incorporating environmental enrichment into behavioral research in captive chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes

The proximate goal of this project was to create an enrichment protocol designed to enhance the physical space and foraging opportunities ... by introducing a variety of novel food and non-food objects into the home cage.

Year Published: 1993Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Chimpanzee, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Toback, E. L. 1993. Incorporating environmental enrichment into behavioral research in captive chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes. ChimpanZoo Conference Proceedings, 41-51.

Preference of Xenopus leavis for different housing conditions

In this study, the preference of X. laevis for different housing conditions were examined. X. laevis preferred dark backgrounds, a water temperature between 20C-22C and the deeper parts of the test basin. Red earthenware pipe was accepted as cover, but...

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental Enrichment, Housing, Husbandry & ManagementAnimal Type: Amphibian, Frog & Toad

Citation: Hilken, G., Willmann, F., Dimigen, J. et al. 1994. Preference of Xenopus leavis for different housing conditions. Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Science 21(2), 71-80.

Opportunities for environmental enrichment in the laboratory

Some environmental enrichment options are discussed.

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Hart, L. A. 1994. Opportunities for environmental enrichment in the laboratory. Lab Animal 23(2), 24-26.

Effects of environmental enrichment on aggressive behavior, dominance hierarchies, and endocrine status in male DBA/2J mice

The provision of a horizontal labyrinth consisting of vertical dividers with only a few openings enhanced territorial tendencies in groups of male mice, leading to increased aggression. Findings suggest that keeping adult male mice in structured cages can result in...

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Mouse, Rodent

Citation: Haemisch, A., Voss, T., Gartner, K. 1994. Effects of environmental enrichment on aggressive behavior, dominance hierarchies, and endocrine status in male DBA/2J mice. Physiology and Behavior 56, 1041-1048.

An enrichment object that reduces aggressiveness and mortality in caged laying hens

The enrichment devices (colored key rings) significantly reduced aggressive head-pecking behavior and significantly decreased the mortality rate.

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Bird, Chicken

Citation: Gvaryahu, G., Ararat, E., Asaf, E. et al. 1994. An enrichment object that reduces aggressiveness and mortality in caged laying hens. Psychology and Behavior 55, 313-316.

Non-nutritive chewing by pigs: Implications for tail-biting and behavioral enrichment

Year Published: 1994Topics: Abnormal/Problematic Behavior, Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Pig

Citation: Feddes, J. J. R., Fraser, D. 1994. Non-nutritive chewing by pigs: Implications for tail-biting and behavioral enrichment. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers [ASAE] 37, 947-950.

Enrichment: Past and future

The future will be directed to cost/benefit analysis and development of theories of enrichment.

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Chamove, A. S. 1994. Enrichment: Past and future. Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching [ANZCCART] News 7, 4-5.

Environmental enrichment at the Oakland Zoo

Even the most complex enclosure designs need to be supplemented with enrichment features that can be varied.

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Bryant, L. 1994. Environmental enrichment at the Oakland Zoo. American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) Regional Conference Proceedings, 183-184.

Effect of cage height and environmental enrichment on rat’s behaviour

Rats housed in the high cages [20 cm] showed more interest in the [gnawing] sticks than rats housed in the low cages [15 cm]. Rats in the high cages had more contact with the paper. .. Unlike the observation of...

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental Enrichment, HousingAnimal Type: Rat, Rodent

Citation: Hirsjarvi, P. A. 1994. Effect of cage height and environmental enrichment on rat's behaviour. In: Proceedings of the Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations [FELASA] Symposium. Bunyan, J. (ed), 343-344. Royal Society of Medicine Press, London, UK.