Nonhuman Primate

A collaborative, multi-institutional growth standard for dam-reared infant rhesus and pigtail macaques (Macaca mulatta and Macaca nemestrina) in research settings

A multicenter study was undertaken to generate new weight-for-age growth standards to monitor the growth of infant rhesus and pigtail macaques in research breeding colonies. Previously, single institutions have developed reference growth curves, under the assumption of linear growth, for...

Year Published: 2026Topics: Welfare AssessmentAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Haertel, A. J., Berns, K. E., Falkenstein, K. (Shelley) P. et al. 2026. A collaborative, multi-institutional growth standard for dam-reared infant rhesus and pigtail macaques (Macaca mulatta and Macaca nemestrina) in research settings. American Journal of Primatology 88(3), e70139.

Oxygen supplemented via face mask counteracts hypoxemia in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) under butorphanol-ketamine-midazolam restraint

This prospective, randomized, complete crossover study evaluated the effects of supplemental oxygen on arterial oxygenation and recovery quality in adult capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.; n = 8; 6 males and 2 females) chemically restrained with intramuscular butorphanol (0.5 mg/kg), ketamine...

Year Published: 2026Topics: Anesthesia & SedationAnimal Type: Capuchin, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Ferreira, M. E., Justo, A. A., Lima, A. F. K. T. et al. 2026. Oxygen supplemented via face mask counteracts hypoxemia in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) under butorphanol-ketamine-midazolam restraint. JAALAS 65(2), 324–331.

Social housing of postoperative animals to support animal welfare

Single housing of animals, or social isolation, is a known stressor for many species. Generally, laboratory animals are housed in social groups as a default to support their behavioral welfare. In some research protocols, investigators may request exemptions from social...

Year Published: 2026Topics: Regulations & Ethical Review, Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: All/General, Cat, Dog, Macaque, Marmoset, Mouse, Nonhuman Primate, Pig, Rabbit, Rodent

Citation: Darbyshire, A., Beninson, J., Dyson, M. C. et al. 2026. Social housing of postoperative animals to support animal welfare. JAALAS 65(1), 11–18.

Effects of social pairing on measurable disease outcomes in hospitalized rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) living in outdoor breeding colonies may require transient housing in an indoor hospital setting. While previous studies have documented the benefits of socially housing macaques to promote psychosocial wellbeing, concerns of pathogen transmission or wound tampering...

Year Published: 2026Topics: Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Burke, M. C., Haertel, A. J., Heagerty, A. et al. 2026. Effects of social pairing on measurable disease outcomes in hospitalized rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). American Journal of Primatology 88(4), e70144.

Behavioral management as a coping strategy for managing stressors in primates: The influence of temperament and species

Primates involved in biomedical research experience stressors related to captivity, close contact with caregivers, and may be exposed to various medical procedures while modeling clinical disease or interventions under study. Behavioral management is used to promote behavioral flexibility in less...

Year Published: 2022Topics: Animal Training, PersonalityAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Palmer, S., Oppler, S. H., Graham, M. L. 2022. Behavioral management as a coping strategy for managing stressors in primates: The influence of temperament and species. Biology 11(3), 423.

Opportunities for refinement of non-human primate vaccine studies

Non-human primates (NHPs) are used extensively in the development of vaccines and therapeutics for human disease. High standards in the design, conduct, and reporting of NHP vaccine studies are crucial for maximizing their scientific value and translation, and for making...

Year Published: 2021Topics: Disease/Experimental Model, Environmental Enrichment, Housing, Humane Endpoint, Husbandry & Management, Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Baboon, Capuchin, Macaque, Marmoset, Nonhuman Primate, Vervet (African Green Monkey)

Citation: Prescott, M. J., Clark, C., Dowling, W. E. et al. 2021. Opportunities for refinement of non-human primate vaccine studies. Vaccines 9(3), 284.

Exploring dietary practices and faecal consistency in zoo-housed cotton-top tamarins Oedipomidas oedipus

The cotton-top tamarin Oedipomidas oedipus is currently classified as critically endangered by the IUCN, prompting intensive conservation efforts, including the maintenance of healthy populations under human care. However, ensuring optimal welfare and health remains challenging, particularly in terms of nutritional...

Year Published: 2026Topics: Husbandry & Management, Welfare AssessmentAnimal Type: Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Urrego, A. C. B., Mendoza, J. C., Vieira, M. F. et al. 2026. Exploring dietary practices and faecal consistency in zoo-housed cotton-top tamarins Oedipomidas oedipus. Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research 14(1), 38–45.

Effect of noise on bornean orangutans’ glucocorticoid metabolite (GCM) levels

Zoos are increasingly hosting out-of-hours events such as ‘Music Nights’ to increase visitation, raising potential animal welfare concerns due to anthropogenic noise pollution. This study examined the physiological stress response, measured through faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGCM), of Bornean orangutans (Pongo...

Year Published: 2025Topics: Human-Animal Interaction, Husbandry & ManagementAnimal Type: Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Queiroz, M. B. de, Passos, L. F., Azevedo, C. S. de et al. 2025. Effect of noise on bornean orangutans’ glucocorticoid metabolite (GCM) levels. Animals 15(23).

Developing and validating a holistic welfare assessment tool for zoo-housed great apes: Integrating resource-based measures with behavioural ecology insights

Assessing the welfare of zoo-housed great apes is essential to ensure high standards of care, maintain zoos’ ethical and educational credibility, and support their conservation roles. However, welfare assessment remains challenging due to the complex cognitive, social, and behavioural needs...

Year Published: 2026Topics: Welfare AssessmentAnimal Type: Chimpanzee, Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Neufuss, J., Pullen, K., Farmer, H. L. et al. 2026. Developing and validating a holistic welfare assessment tool for zoo-housed great apes: Integrating resource-based measures with behavioural ecology insights. PLOS ONE 21(1), e0340094.

Effects of hand-rearing and group size on chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) social competence in captivity

The behavior of individual animals reflects both internal states and external context. For captive animals, their early life experiences can influence later adjustment, particularly their social competence. In addition, the way in which they are housed and their current social...

Year Published: 2026Topics: Rearing & Weaning, Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Chimpanzee, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Murray, L. E. 2026. Effects of hand-rearing and group size on chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) social competence in captivity. Animals 16(2).