All/General

Harmonising the definition of refinement

Any approach which avoids or minimises the actual or potential pain, distress and other adverse effects experienced at any time during the life of the animals involved, and which enhances their wellbeing.

Year Published: 2005Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Buchanan-Smith, H. M., Rennie, A. E., Vitale, A. et al. 2005. Harmonising the definition of refinement. Animal Welfare 14, 379-384.

Noise assessment of multiple floor surfaces within an animal facility

The assessment demonstrated a major noise reduction with epoxy flooring.

Year Published: 2005Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Johnson, C. V., Wismer, M., Francis, J. et al. 2005. Noise assessment of multiple floor surfaces within an animal facility. American Association for Laboratory Animal Science [AALAS] Meeting Official Program, 102 (Abstract).

Introduction to the 3Rs (Refinement, Reduction and Replacement)

Year Published: 2005Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Guhad, F. 2005. Introduction to the 3Rs (Refinement, Reduction and Replacement). Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science 44(2), 58-59.

Stereotypies and other abnormal repetitive behaviors: Potential impact on validity, reliability, and replicability of scientific outcomes

Normal behavior plays a key role in facilitating homeostasis, especially by allowing the animal to control and modify its environment. Captive environments may interfere with these behavioral responses, and the resulting stress may alter many physiological parameters. Abnormal behaviors indicate...

Year Published: 2005Topics: Abnormal/Problematic Behavior, Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Garner, J. P. 2005. Stereotypies and other abnormal repetitive behaviors: Potential impact on validity, reliability, and replicability of scientific outcomes. ILAR Journal 46(2), 106-117.

The interplay between replacement, reduction and refinement: considerations where the Three Rs interact

Moral justifications deserve more attention when considering the Three Rs.

Year Published: 2005Animal Type: All/General

Citation: de Boo, M. J., Rennie, A. E., Buchanan-Smith, H. M. et al. 2005. The interplay between replacement, reduction and refinement: considerations where the Three Rs interact. Animal Welfare 14, 327-332.

Environmental enrichment

Summary of a collection of articles pertaining to the topic of environmental enrichment.

Year Published: 2005Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Wolfle, T. L. 2005. Environmental enrichment. ILAR Journal 46(2), 79-82.

Animal Welfare Report – Fiscal Year 2005

USDA's annual report on its administration of the Animal Welfare Act. Includes census of animals from 1973 through 2004.

Year Published: 2005Animal Type: All/General

Citation: United States Department of Agriculture 2005. Animal Welfare Report - Fiscal Year 2005. U.S. Department of Agriculture - Animal Care, Riverdale, MD.

Code of Federal Regulations, Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A – Animal Welfare [Available From: USDA, APHIS/Animal Care, 4700 River Rd

The current version of the regulations developed by the U. S. Department of Agriculture that specify how to comply with the Animal Welfare Act and its amendments. Handling of all animals shall be done as expeditiously and carefully as possible...

Year Published: 2005Animal Type: All/General

Citation: United States Department of Agriculture 2005. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 9, Chapter 1, Subchapter A - Animal Welfare [Available From: USDA, APHIS/Animal Care, 4700 River Rd., Unit 85, Riverdale, MD 20737-1234]. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

The three Rs: past, present and future

The crucial function on which the need for reduction turns is this: the greater the variation between the members of an animal population in the response being studied or tested, the more animals are needed to comprise a representative sample...

Year Published: 2005Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Russell, W. M. S. 2005. The three Rs: past, present and future. Animal Welfare 14, 279-286.

Hair pulling: a review

The implications of hair pulling on the validity of scientific data and the welfare of the affected subject warrant more attention on the prevalence and prevention of this serious behavioral disorder not only in humans but also in animals kept...

Year Published: 2005Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 2005. Hair pulling: a review. Laboratory Animals 39, 361-369.