Environmental Enrichment

Cage enrichment, physiology, and behavior in nursery-reared rhesus monkeys

Calm [single-caged] control animals and stressed [single-caged] enriched animals exhibited higher cortisol values. The enriched animals had lower cortisols when they appeared calm and higher cortisols when they appeared stressed. .. Control animals exhibited the opposite pattern, and calm control...

Year Published: 1989Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Clarke, M. R., Koritnik, D. R., Martin, L. N. et al. 1989. Cage enrichment, physiology, and behavior in nursery-reared rhesus monkeys. American Journal of Primatology 19(Supplement ), 53-57.

Environmental enrichment and its effects on the individual

In macaques and baboons, stereotypy is reduced or stopped by supplying "one or more perches ... and other cage furniture", especially "a woodchip substrate which includes food items ... as provisioned substrate for foraging"

Year Published: 1989Topics: Abnormal/Problematic Behavior, Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Baboon, Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Harris, D. H. R. 1989. Environmental enrichment and its effects on the individual. In: Laboratory Animal Welfare Research - Primates. UFAW [Universities Federation for Animal Welfare] (ed), 15-16. UFAW, Potters Bar, UK.

Signs of enrichment: Towards the psychological well-being of chimpanzees

By providing the chimpanzees with a wide variety of things to do we have also created an environment that is conducive to interesting social interaction. This is exactly the type of environment one would expect to help a chimpanzee achieve...

Year Published: 1989Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Chimpanzee, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Fouts, R. S., Abshire, M. L., Bodamer, M. D. et al. 1989. Signs of enrichment: Towards the psychological well-being of chimpanzees. In: Housing, Care and Psychological Wellbeing of Captive and Laboratory Primates. Segal, E. F. (ed), 376-388. Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ.

A review of environmental enrichment strategies for singly-caged nonhuman primates

Comprehensive literature review dealing with the following topics: a) Group housing versus single housing; b) Enrichment strategies using inanimate objects; c) Socialization with conspecifics; d) Role of animal care staff.

Year Published: 1989Topics: Environmental Enrichment, Human-Animal Interaction, Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Baboon, Capuchin, Chimpanzee, Lemur, Macaque, Marmoset, Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate, Owl Monkey, Squirrel Monkey, Vervet (African Green Monkey)

Citation: Fajzi, K., Reinhardt, V., Smith, M. D. 1989. A review of environmental enrichment strategies for singly-caged nonhuman primates. Lab Animal 18(2), 23-35.

Restricted daily exposure to environmental enrichment increases the diversity of exploration

Two hours of daily exposure to environmental enrichment produced similar object exploration effects than 24 hours of daily exposure.

Year Published: 1989Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Rat, Rodent

Citation: Widman, D. R., Rosellini, R. A. 1989. Restricted daily exposure to environmental enrichment increases the diversity of exploration. Physiology and Behavior 47, 57-62.

Environmental influences on the development of behaviour and their relation to welfare

Environmental enrichment can decrease fear responses to people and reduce feather pecking.

Year Published: 1989Topics: Abnormal/Problematic Behavior, Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Bird, Chicken

Citation: Vestergaard, K. S. 1989. Environmental influences on the development of behaviour and their relation to welfare. In: Proceedings of the European Symposium on Poultry Welfare. Faure, J. M. , Mills, A. D. (eds), 109-122. World's Poultry Science Association, Tours, France.

Primate research models and environmental enrichment

An apparatus that the monkey can control, and that responds to the monkey in some way, will be used by a larger proportion of animals, and for a longer period of time, than devices or toys that are not actively...

Year Published: 1989Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Markowitz, H. , Line, S. W. 1989. Primate research models and environmental enrichment. In: Housing, Care and Psychological Wellbeing of Captive and Laboratory Primates. Segal, E. F. (ed), 202-212. Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ.

Auditory enrichment for Lar gibbons, Hylobates lar, at London Zoo

Playing duets to captive gibbons resulted in increased species-typical activity and vocalisation without evidence of habituation.

Year Published: 1989Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Gibbon, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Shepherdson, D., Carman, M., Bemment, N. et al. 1989. Auditory enrichment for Lar gibbons, Hylobates lar, at London Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 28, 256-260.

On the care of captive chimpanzees: Methods of enrichment

Television can be a great source of environmental enrichment if the chimpanzee can perceive the relevance of what it sees on the screen to the world it knows.

Year Published: 1989Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Chimpanzee, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Rumbaugh, D. M., Washburn, D. A., Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. 1989. On the care of captive chimpanzees: Methods of enrichment. In: Housing, Care and Psychological Wellbeing of Captive and Laboratory Primates. Segal, E. F. (ed), 357-375. Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ.

Evaluation of the long-term effectiveness of two environmental enrichment objects for singly caged rhesus macaques

Subjects were exposed to a PVC pipe and to a gnawing stick uninterruptedly for one year. The singly caged monkeys spent on average 28% of the total observation time [120 min] with the PVC pipes but only 3% with the...

Year Published: 1989Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1989. Evaluation of the long-term effectiveness of two environmental enrichment objects for singly caged rhesus macaques. Lab Animal 18(6), 31-33.