Anesthesia & Sedation

Tricaine, eugenol and etomidate for repetitive procedural anesthesia in adult zebrafish, Danio rerio: Effect on stress and behavior (2025)

Zebrafish has emerged as a popular animal model in biomedical research. Numerous procedures and interventions require occasionally repetitive anesthesia. Tricaine is the most frequently used anesthetic for zebrafish and its efficacy is well established. However, the safety and efficacy of...

Year Published: 2025Topics: Anesthesia & SedationAnimal Type: Fish, Zebrafish

Citation: Narumanchi, S., Perttunen, S., Laine, P. et al. 2025. Tricaine, eugenol and etomidate for repetitive procedural anesthesia in adult zebrafish, Danio rerio: Effect on stress and behavior. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 12.

Acute effect of short-term benzocaine anesthesia on the skin mucus microbiome of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Routine aquaculture practices such as capture, transportation, and handling can disrupt the relationship between commensal and opportunistic bacteria in the fish skin microbiome. Anesthetic baths are a common welfare practice in aquaculture to reduce stress during handling. However, to date,...

Year Published: 2025Topics: Anesthesia & SedationAnimal Type: Fish, Salmon

Citation: Martins, P., Pimentel, T., Ribeiro, N. et al. 2025. Acute effect of short-term benzocaine anesthesia on the skin mucus microbiome of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Animals 15(11), 1566.

Welfare implications of low-dose atipamezole reversal of tiletamine/zolazepam/xylazine anaesthesia in pigs (2025)

Anaesthesia is sometimes required for the effective restraint of laboratory pigs for sample collection. Yet, anaesthesia can initiate a range of physiological disruptions that can increase variability in study data and lead to poorer animal welfare. Judicious use of anaesthesia...

Year Published: 2025Topics: Anesthesia & SedationAnimal Type: Pig

Citation: Layton, R., Beggs, D. S., Fisher, A. et al. 2025. Welfare implications of low-dose atipamezole reversal of tiletamine/zolazepam/xylazine anaesthesia in pigs. Animals 15(2), 258.

Evaluation of tricaine methanesulfonate concentrations for flow anesthesia in zebrafish (Danio rerio) (2025)

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are often anesthetized by immersion in buffered tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222). Although commonly utilized, immersion anesthesia presents a shortcoming of lethal asphyxiation with increased duration of exposures. A newer technique that circumvents this issue, known as flow anesthesia,...

Year Published: 2025Topics: Anesthesia & SedationAnimal Type: Fish, Zebrafish

Citation: Kramer, A. G., Bern, L. R., Ferguson, L. T. et al. 2025. Evaluation of tricaine methanesulfonate concentrations for flow anesthesia in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish 22(3), 99–106.

Sedation and general anaesthesia of crocodilians: A systematic review

Sedation and general anaesthesia of crocodilians pose unique challenges due to their aggressive nature, poikilothermic physiology, and specific anatomical and physiological characteristics, all factors that complicate crocodilian anaesthesia. This review aimed to systematically review the literature regarding sedation and general...

Year Published: 2024Topics: Anesthesia & SedationAnimal Type: Crocodile & Alligator, Reptile

Citation: Kruuse, A. O., Markusen, L. D., Grøndahl, C. et al. 2024. Sedation and general anaesthesia of crocodilians: A systematic review. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 66(1), 56.

Use of the oxygen reserve index/FiO2 as a non-invasive index to estimate venous admixture in anesthetized dogs

The oxygen reserve index (ORi) is a novel, non-invasive parameter that estimates arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) during hyperoxia when the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) is elevated. This study aimed to assess the utility of the ORi/FiO2 ratio as...

Year Published: 2025Topics: Anesthesia & Sedation, Biological Sampling & Physiological MeasurementAnimal Type: Dog

Citation: Bellini, L., Maney, J. K., Zanusso, F. et al. 2025. Use of the oxygen reserve index/FiO2 as a non-invasive index to estimate venous admixture in anesthetized dogs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 11.

Evaluation of thermal support during anesthesia induction on body temperature in C57BL/6 and nude mice

Heat supplementation during surgery is a common practice; however, thermal support is not commonly used during anesthesia induction. Mice lose body temperature quickly, and air movement can exacerbate this, potentially putting mice at a thermal deficit before surgery. Whether the...

Year Published: 2024Topics: Anesthesia & SedationAnimal Type: Mouse, Rodent

Citation: Gaskill, B. N., Boykin, C., Zuniga, I. et al. 2024. Evaluation of thermal support during anesthesia induction on body temperature in C57BL/6 and nude mice. JAALAS 63(3), 294–302.

Comparison of hemodynamic effects of propofol or alfaxalone during induction in dogs

This randomized prospective clinical study aimed to compare the hemodynamic effects of propofol and alfaxalone for the induction of anesthesia in dogs. Thirty-one healthy dogs undergoing various procedures in a private referral center were premedicated with intramuscular acepromazine (0.015 mg/kg) and...

Year Published: 2024Topics: Anesthesia & SedationAnimal Type: Dog

Citation: Sarotti, D., Franci, P., Oricco, S. et al. 2024. Comparison of hemodynamic effects of propofol or alfaxalone during induction in dogs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 11.

Sedation efficacy of midazolam in conjunction with ketamine and alfaxalone in female laboratory guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)

Guinea pigs have been integral as models used in biomedical research, making significant contributions to nutritional, auditory, immunologic, and hypersensitivity studies, and necessitating the routine need for sedation in laboratory settings. The ketamine-xylazine (KX) combination has been the standard sedation...

Year Published: 2024Topics: Anesthesia & SedationAnimal Type: Guinea Pig, Rodent

Citation: Wharton, K. N., Walsh, C. A., Haulter, M. et al. 2024. Sedation efficacy of midazolam in conjunction with ketamine and alfaxalone in female laboratory guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). JAALAS 63(5), 572–580.

Comparison of propofol and alfaxalone as anesthesic drugs in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomies (healthy bitches and with pyometra) and cesarean sections

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of two anesthetic agents, alfaxalone and propofol, on maternal physiological parameters (heart and respiratory rates, blood pressure, and temperature) on either ovariohysterectomies or cesarean sections in bitches. A total of 34 healthy and...

Year Published: 2024Topics: Anesthesia & Sedation, ReproductionAnimal Type: Dog

Citation: Rodríguez-Trujillo, R., Batista-Arteaga, M., Iusupova, K. et al. 2024. Comparison of propofol and alfaxalone as anesthesic drugs in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomies (healthy bitches and with pyometra) and cesarean sections. Animals 14(9), 1343.