Macaque

Rhesus monkey behaviour under diverse population densities: coping with long-term crowding

A popular view is that high population density promotes behavioural pathology, particularly increased aggression. In contrast, according to a coping model, some primates have behavioural mechanisms (e.g. formal displays, reconciliation and grooming) that regulate social tensions and control the negative...

Year Published: 1997Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Judge, P. G., De Waal, F. B. M. 1997. Rhesus monkey behaviour under diverse population densities: coping with long-term crowding. Animal Behaviour 54(3), 643-662.

Effective feeding enrichment for non-human primates: A brief review

There is a growing awareness that non-human primates kept in zoos and laboratories deserve more species-appropriate stimulation because of their biological adaptation to a challenging environment. Numerous attempts have been made to effectively emulate the gathering and processing aspects of...

Year Published: 1997Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Baboon, Capuchin, Chimpanzee, Lemur, Macaque, Marmoset, Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate, Owl Monkey, Squirrel Monkey, Vervet (African Green Monkey)

Citation: Reinhardt, V., Roberts, A. 1997. Effective feeding enrichment for non-human primates: A brief review. Animal Welfare 6(3), 265-272.

Training nonhuman primates to cooperate during handling procedures: A review

Twenty-six reports provide detailed information of how primates can be trained to voluntarily cooperate - rather than resist - during blood collection, injection, topical drug application, blood pressure measurement, urine collection, and capture.

Year Published: 1997Topics: Animal Training, Biological Sampling & Physiological Measurement, Cannulation, Catheterization, & Intubation, Human-Animal Interaction, RestraintAnimal Type: Baboon, Capuchin, Chimpanzee, Lemur, Macaque, Marmoset, Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate, Owl Monkey, Squirrel Monkey, Vervet (African Green Monkey)

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1997. Training nonhuman primates to cooperate during handling procedures: A review. Animal Technology 48, 55-73.

The Wisconsin Gnawing Stick

The sticks consist of branch segments cut of dead red oak trees. They are used by caged macaques about 5% of the time - more by young animals, less by adult animals - for gnawing, manipulating and playing. All caged...

Year Published: 1997Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1997. The Wisconsin Gnawing Stick. Animal Welfare Information Center (AWIC) Newsletter 7(3-4), 11-12.

Species-adequate housing and handling conditions for Old World nonhuman primates kept in research institutions

Practical recommendations to address five basic characteristics of Old World primates in the laboratory setting: a) social disposition, b) semi-arboreal lifestyle, c) complex living environment, d) intelligence, e) sensitivity to distress.

Year Published: 1997Topics: Animal Training, Environmental Enrichment, Housing, Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Baboon, Macaque, Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1997. Species-adequate housing and handling conditions for Old World nonhuman primates kept in research institutions. In: Comfortable Quarters for Laboratory Animals, Eighth Edition. Reinhardt, V. (ed), 85-93. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Refining the traditional housing and handling of laboratory rhesus macaques improves scientific methodology

A monkey housed in an empty cage, however, is literally a behavioral cripple because s/he is chronically deprived of appropriate stimuli for the expression of species-typical behavior patterns. It is difficult to know objectively if a monkey experiences boredom when...

Year Published: 1997Topics: Animal Training, Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1997. Refining the traditional housing and handling of laboratory rhesus macaques improves scientific methodology. Primate Report 49, 93-112.

Effects of chair-restraint on gastrointestinal transit time and colonic fermentation in male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)

Chair-restraint induced a 2.5-fold acceleration of the gastrointestinal transit time, which persisted throughout the 7 day postrestraint period, and an increase of the fecal dry matter content.

Year Published: 1997Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Rabot, S., Fisco, M., Martin, F. et al. 1997. Effects of chair-restraint on gastrointestinal transit time and colonic fermentation in male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Journal of Medical Primatology 26, 190-195.

Videostimulation as enrichment for captive rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

The animals spent substantially more time watching selected videotapes than manipulating the joystick; females were more interested in both than males.

Year Published: 1997Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Platt, D. M., Novak, M. A. 1997. Videostimulation as enrichment for captive rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Applied Animal Behaviour Science 52, 139-155.

Curious response of three monkey species to mirrors

One mirror was hung on the front of each subject's cage and remained in place for a two-week study period. Pig-tailed macaques contacted the mirror at a fairly constant rate of 12-18 times per hour. Rhesus macaques were initially interested...

Year Published: 1997Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: O'Neill, P. L., Lauter, A. C., Weed, J. L. 1997. Curious response of three monkey species to mirrors. American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) Regional Conference Proceedings, 95-101.

Expand the space for lion-tailed macaques

The milk crates, barrel, and tires provide more useable space for sitting, climbing, or foraging when they are mounted on walls or hung from the ceiling.

Year Published: 1997Topics: Environmental Enrichment, HousingAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Nelson, D. 1997. Expand the space for lion-tailed macaques. The Shape of Enrichment 6(3), 6.