Frog & Toad

Preference of Xenopus leavis for different housing conditions

In this study, the preference of X. laevis for different housing conditions were examined. X. laevis preferred dark backgrounds, a water temperature between 20C-22C and the deeper parts of the test basin. Red earthenware pipe was accepted as cover, but...

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental Enrichment, Housing, Husbandry & ManagementAnimal Type: Amphibian, Frog & Toad

Citation: Hilken, G., Willmann, F., Dimigen, J. et al. 1994. Preference of Xenopus leavis for different housing conditions. Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Science 21(2), 71-80.

The Accommodation of Laboratory Animals in Accordance with Animal Welfare Requirements: South African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus laevis)

Very useful recommendations for the adequate housing of frogs.

Year Published: 1994Animal Type: Amphibian, Frog & Toad

Citation: Scharmann, W., Gruber, F., Iglauer, F. et al. 1994. South African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis). In: The Accommodation of Laboratory Animals in Accordance With Animal Welfare Requirements. Proceedings of an International Workshop Held at the Bundesgesundheitsamt, Berlin [The Berlin Workshop]. O'Donoghue, P. N. (ed), 65-70. Bundesministerium f?r Ern?hrung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten, Bonn, Germany.

The Experimental Animal in Biomedical Research: Amphibians

We have recommended the use of individual chambers for frogs [and for salamanders], as such a housing system can reduce problems associated with social interactions, disease control, and proper feeding.

Year Published: 1995Animal Type: Amphibian, Frog & Toad, Salamander

Citation: Buchanan, B. W. , Jaeger, R. G. 1995. Amphibians. In: The Experimental Animal in Biomedical Research (Vol. II) - Care, Husbandry, and Well-Being . Rollin, B. E. , Kesel, M. L. (eds). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

Norwegian Animal Welfare Act

This Act applies to live animals, birds, toads, frogs, salamanders, reptiles, fish, and crustaceans.

Year Published: 1995Animal Type: All/General, Amphibian, Bird, Crustacean, Fish, Frog & Toad, Reptile, Salamander

Citation: Ministry of Agriculture 1995. Norwegian Animal Welfare Act. Ministry of Agriculture, Oslo, Norway.

Heart rate response to gentle handling of frog and lizard

Gentle handling plus speaking aloud increased the heart rate of lizards but not of frogs.

Year Published: 2000Animal Type: Amphibian, Frog & Toad, Lizard, Reptile

Citation: Cabanac, A., Cabanac, M. 2000. Heart rate response to gentle handling of frog and lizard. Behavioural Processes 52, 89-95.

Innovative housing and environmental enrichment for bullfrogs (Rana catesbiana)

Shelter-providing structures significantly decreased mortality rate and improved the animals' overall appearance.

Year Published: 2002Topics: Environmental Enrichment, HousingAnimal Type: Amphibian, Frog & Toad

Citation: Hedge, T. A., Saunders, K. E., Ross, C. A. 2002. Innovative housing and environmental enrichment for bullfrogs (Rana catesbiana). Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science 41(4), 120-121(Abstract).

Shelter microhabitats determine body temperature and dehydration rates of a terrestrial amphibian (Bufomarinus)

Selection of diurnal shelter sites varies significantly with season in the cane toad (Bufo marinus), and the aim of this paper is to determine how hydric and thermal conditions of shelter microhabitats changed with season and whether those changes explained...

Year Published: 2002Animal Type: Amphibian, Frog & Toad

Citation: Seebacher, F., Alford, R. A. 2002. Shelter microhabitats determine body temperature and dehydration rates of a terrestrial amphibian (Bufomarinus). Journal of Herpetology 36, 69-75.

Enrichment for a captive environment – The Xenopuslaevis

Tubes were preferred over the other four enrichments. The foliage and the cave showed no preference over each other, similarly the wood and rocks and the tank lid cover were equally preferred. However the foliage and the cave were both...

Year Published: 2004Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Amphibian, Frog & Toad

Citation: Brown, M. J., Nixon, R. M. 2004. Enrichment for a captive environment - The Xenopuslaevis. Animal Technology and Welfare 3, 87-95.

Environmental enrichment for dendrobatid frogs

A hallow coconut insect feeder was developed to increase foraging activity.

Year Published: 2004Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Amphibian, Frog & Toad

Citation: Hurme, K., Gonzalez, K., Halvorsen, M. et al. 2004. Environmental enrichment for dendrobatid frogs. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 6, 285-299.

Environmental enrichment for fishes and frogs

Our frogs get PCV tubes in which they hide, upside-down plastic boxes, rocks and bricks on which they climb, and plastic litter boxes filled with water serving as little pools.For our fishes, we place PVC pipes in the tanks. We...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Amphibian, Fish, Frog & Toad

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Environmental enrichment for fishes and frogs. In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 92-93. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.