Chimpanzee

The importance of novel and cognitive enrichment for captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and the use of activity budgets and social network analysis to assess welfare (2025)

I introduced foraging enrichment with a cognitive component to a group of six captive adult chimpanzees living at ZSL Whipsnade Zoo in Dunstable in the United Kingdom. I conducted preliminary behavioural observations for 13 days spread over a four week...

Year Published: 2025Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Chimpanzee, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Stitt, A. E. 2025. The importance of novel and cognitive enrichment for captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and the use of activity budgets and social network analysis to assess welfare. Canopy 25(2).

A metric-based, meta-analytic appraisal of environmental enrichment efficacy in captive primates (2025)

Non-human primates (hereafter ‘primates') constitute a common group of animals in captivity but their captive maintenance involves ethical and husbandry issues, many of which can be addressed through environmental enrichment (hereafter ‘enrichment'). Enrichment is often applied in a trial-and-error fashion...

Year Published: 2025Topics: Environmental Enrichment, Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Baboon, Capuchin, Chimpanzee, Gibbon, Lemur, Macaque, Marmoset, Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate, Owl Monkey, Squirrel Monkey, Vervet (African Green Monkey)

Citation: Duncan, L. M., Pillay, N. 2025. A metric-based, meta-analytic appraisal of environmental enrichment efficacy in captive primates. Animals 15(6), 799.

Home-cage training for non-human primates: an opportunity to reduce stress and study natural behavior in neurophysiology experiments (2025)

Research involving non-human primates remains a cornerstone in fields such as biomedical research and systems neuroscience. However, the daily routines of laboratory work can induce stress in these animals, potentially compromising their well-being and the reliability of experimental outcomes. To...

Year Published: 2025Topics: Animal TrainingAnimal Type: Baboon, Capuchin, Chimpanzee, Gibbon, Lemur, Macaque, Marmoset, Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate, Owl Monkey, Squirrel Monkey, Vervet (African Green Monkey)

Citation: Ceccarelli, F., Londei, F., Arena, G. et al. 2025. Home-Cage Training for Non-Human Primates: An Opportunity to Reduce Stress and Study Natural Behavior in Neurophysiology Experiments. Animals 15(9), 1340.

A systematic review of the effects of musical enrichment on captive mammals (2025)

Forty two studies examining physiological, behavioural and cognitive mammalian responses to music were identified, with 38.1% of those studies focusing on primates. The studies identified included 23 mammalian species across six animal orders (Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Primates, Proboscidea and Rodentia)....

Year Published: 2025Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Baboon, Capuchin, Cat, Chimpanzee, Chinchilla, Dog, Gerbil, Gibbon, Guinea Pig, Hamster, Lemur, Macaque, Marmoset, Mole Rat, Mouse, Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate, Other Rodent, Owl Monkey, Rat, Rodent, Squirrel Monkey, Vervet (African Green Monkey)

Citation: Alkalaj, M. 2025. A systematic review of the effects of musical enrichment on captive mammals. Canopy 25(2).

Long term impacts of early social environment on chimpanzee white matter

Early adverse rearing conditions are known to have deleterious consequences on social behavior, cognition, and brain development of both human and nonhuman primates. We analyzed archival diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from mother- (MR) or nursery-reared (NR) chimpanzees and used...

Year Published: 2024Topics: Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Chimpanzee, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Mulholland, M. M., Hecht, E., Wesley, M. J. et al. 2024. Long term impacts of early social environment on chimpanzee white matter. Scientific Reports 14(1), 29879.

First noncontact millimeter-wave radar measurement of heart rate in great apes: Validation in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Heart rate is a crucial vital sign and a valuable indicator for assessing the physical and psychological condition of a target animal. Heart rate contributes to (1) fundamental information for cognitive research, (2) an indicator of psychological and physical stress,...

Year Published: 2024Topics: Biological Sampling & Physiological MeasurementAnimal Type: Chimpanzee, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Matsumoto, T., Iwata, I., Sakamoto, T. et al. 2024. First noncontact millimeter-wave radar measurement of heart rate in great apes: Validation in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). American Journal of Primatology 86(8), e23633.

Outdoor noncontact respiratory measurements of unrestricted rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) using millimeter-wave radar

Respiration is an invaluable signal that facilitates the real-time observation of physiological dynamics. In recent years, the advancement of noncontact measurement technology has gained momentum in capturing physiological activities in natural settings. This technology is anticipated to be found not...

Year Published: 2024Topics: Biological Sampling & Physiological MeasurementAnimal Type: Chimpanzee, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Minami, T., Sanematsu, D., Iwata, I. et al. 2024. Outdoor noncontact respiratory measurements of unrestricted rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) using millimeter-wave radar. American Journal of Primatology 86(9), e23661.

The influence of age, sex, and season on hematological parameters in a captive population of former laboratory chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

This study aimed to establish a baseline hematological profile and examine the influence of age, sex, and season on hematological parameters in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) living in a humid tropical climate. Hematological parameters are a useful tool for assessing...

Year Published: 2025Topics: Welfare AssessmentAnimal Type: Chimpanzee, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Ngoubangoye, B., Dibakou, S.-E., Otsaghe Ekore, D. et al. 2025. The influence of age, sex, and season on hematological parameters in a captive population of former laboratory chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). American Journal of Primatology 87(1), e23703.

Chimpanzee activity and behavioral diversity extends across 24 hours in both captive and wild settings

Studying nocturnal behavior is crucial for understanding the full scope of a species' behavioral flexibility so as to inform the conservation of wild populations and the care of captive individuals. However, this aspect of primate behavior is understudied, especially in...

Year Published: 2025Topics: Natural BehaviorAnimal Type: Chimpanzee, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Funkhouser, J. A., Boostrom, H., Hellmuth, H. et al. 2025. Chimpanzee activity and behavioral diversity extends across 24 hours in both captive and wild settings. American Journal of Primatology 87(1), e23729.

Measuring heart rate in captive chimpanzees without anesthesia

Heart rate measurements can be useful for the monitoring of both physical and mental condition in humans and nonhuman animals. Yet, information about heart rates in chimpanzees, who are phylogenetically the closest species to humans, is scarce. Existing data on...

Year Published: 2024Topics: Biological Sampling & Physiological MeasurementAnimal Type: Chimpanzee, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Hirata, S., Nogami, E., Udono, T. 2024. Measuring heart rate in captive chimpanzees without anesthesia. Primates 65(4), 217–222.