All/General

Principles of Laboratory Animal Science

General, brief recommendations. Whenever possible there should be small shelves in the cage so that the animals can sit and rest near the top of the cage.

Year Published: 1993Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Van Zutphen, L. F. M., Baumans, V., Beyner, A. C. 1993. Principles of Laboratory Animal Science. A Contribution to the Humane Use and Care of Animals and to the Quality of Experimental Results. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Evolving a behavioral management program in a breeding/research setting

For behavioral management to be truly integrated into operational policies, someone who is directly responsible for the behavioral management should be involved at the level of policy making.

Year Published: 1994Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Bloomsmith, M. A. 1994. Evolving a behavioral management program in a breeding/research setting. American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) Annual Conference Proceedings 4(1), 8-13.

Laboratory animal studies: poor design + faulty analysis = unnecessary suffering

Unnecessary animal use results in unnecessary animal suffering, both of which should lead to action by authorities responsible for the legislation under which only scientifically-justifiable and therefore necessary animal procedures are permitted. At present, it is too easy to justify...

Year Published: 1994Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Balls, M. 1994. Laboratory animal studies: poor design + faulty analysis = unnecessary suffering. ATLA (Alternatives to Laboratory Animals) 22, 308-309.

The concept of animal boredom and its relationship to stereotyped behaviour

It was argued that the abnormal, disintegrated character of stereotyped behaviour provides direct evidence of suffering. I propose that the gradual impairment of an animal's ability to interact with the environment may be conceived as boredom in the early stages...

Year Published: 1993Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Wemelsfelder, F. 1993. The concept of animal boredom and its relationship to stereotyped behaviour. In: Stereotypic Animal Behaviour: Fundamentals and Applications to Animal Welfare. Lawrence, A. B. , Rushen, J. (eds), 65-97. CAB International, Wallingford.

Opportunities for environmental enrichment in the laboratory

Some environmental enrichment options are discussed.

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Hart, L. A. 1994. Opportunities for environmental enrichment in the laboratory. Lab Animal 23(2), 24-26.

Neglected Factors in Pharmacology and Neuroscience Research

Very thorough review and discussion of environmental variables affecting the animal's well-being and the reliability of research data. The physical environment of the experimental animal is in most laboratories determined by long existing, in-house standardized procedures. Already for this reason,...

Year Published: 1994Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Claassen, V. 1994. Neglected Factors in Pharmacology and Neuroscience Research. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Enrichment: Past and future

The future will be directed to cost/benefit analysis and development of theories of enrichment.

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Chamove, A. S. 1994. Enrichment: Past and future. Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching [ANZCCART] News 7, 4-5.

Effects of environmental enrichment on reproduction

The evidence that environmental enrichment promotes reproduction by reducing stress is mostly implied rather than empirical.

Year Published: 1994Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Carlstead, K., Shepherdson, D. 1994. Effects of environmental enrichment on reproduction. Zoo Biology 13, 447-458.

Environmental enrichment at the Oakland Zoo

Even the most complex enclosure designs need to be supplemented with enrichment features that can be varied.

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Bryant, L. 1994. Environmental enrichment at the Oakland Zoo. American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) Regional Conference Proceedings, 183-184.

North American legislation and regulation of the use of live animals for scientific research

Year Published: 1994Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Dennis, M. B. , Van Joosier, G. L. 1994. North American legislation and regulation of the use of live animals for scientific research. In: Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science Volume 1 - Selection and Handling of Animals in Biomedical Research. Svendsen, P. , Hau, J. (eds), 23-35. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.