Social Housing & Companionship

Behavioral and physiological responses of dairy goats to isolation

Goats show significant physiological [increased plasma norepinephrine] and behavioral responses [vocalization, trotting, rearing] to being kept alone without contact with other goats.

Year Published: 1992Topics: Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Goat

Citation: Carbonaro, D. A., Friend, T. H., Dellmeier, G. R. et al. 1992. Behavioral and physiological responses of dairy goats to isolation. Physiology and Behavior 51, 297-301.

The effects of cage size and pair housing on the behavior of captive chimpanzees

Environmental manipulation was higher and inactivity lower in the [furnished] large single cage than in the [furnished] small single cage. The mean abnormal behaviors decreased in the larger cages but the difference was not significant. ... During the paired condition,...

Year Published: 1992Topics: Housing, Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Chimpanzee, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Brent, L. 1992. The effects of cage size and pair housing on the behavior of captive chimpanzees. American Journal of Primatology 27, 20 (Abstract).

Getting to know Ndume

Familiarization and subsequent, successful pair formation procedure of an adult female (Koko) and adult male gorilla (Ndume) are described in detail.

Year Published: 1992Topics: Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Gordon, W. 1992. Getting to know Ndume. Gorilla 15(2), 4-6.

Effects of the environment on the behaviour of lowland gorillas in zoos

The purpose of this study was to observe as many gorilla groups as possible and to compare their behaviour in different exhibits, social structures and visitor situation. Gorillas were studied in 15 zoos, they lived in 14 groups with male...

Year Published: 1992Topics: Human-Animal Interaction, Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Meder, A. 1992. Effects of the environment on the behaviour of lowland gorillas in zoos. Primate Report 32, 167-183.

Large colonies vs. small colonies

An enrichment program for single-housed macaques and squirrel monkeys is outlined. It is important to recognize that visual contact between incompatible conspecifics can lead to problems such as anorexia and stereotypic behavior. Therefore our caregivers and veterinary staff pay close...

Year Published: 1992Topics: Environmental Enrichment, Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate, Squirrel Monkey

Citation: Lipman, N. S. 1992. Large colonies vs. small colonies. In: Implementation Strategies for Research Animal Well-Being: Institutional Compliance With Regulations. Krulisch, L. (ed), 145-150. Scientist Center for Animal Welfare and WARDS, Bethesda, MD.

The integration of Julia

Successful integration procedure of an adult female gorilla into an established breeding group is described.

Year Published: 1992Topics: Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Johnstone-Scott, R. 1992. The integration of Julia. International Zoo News 39(6), 18-26.

Environmental enhancement plan for previously single-caged adult rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

To promote the well-being of previously single-caged adult (older than 5 years) rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and the quality of research done with them, the following environmental enhancement plan has been developed and implemented at the Wisconsin Regional Primate Research...

Year Published: 1992Topics: Environmental Enrichment, Human-Animal Interaction, Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1992. Environmental enhancement plan for previously single-caged adult rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Animal Technology 43, 115-119.

Are rhesus macaques really so aggressive?

Several years of experience with pair housing of previously single-caged adult rhesus macaques and venipuncture in the home cage of cooperative, non-resisting animals lead the author to conclude that rhesus macaques are not as aggressive as commonly believed.

Year Published: 1992Topics: Animal Training, Human-Animal Interaction, Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1992. Are rhesus macaques really so aggressive? International Zoo News 39(1), 14-19.

Long-term use of enrichment for paired and singly caged chimpanzees

Chimpanzees used televisions, balls, and mirrors for 0.27-1.53% of the observation time after several years of exposure to the enrichment items. Television and ball use were significantly higher than mirror use.

Year Published: 1993Topics: Environmental Enrichment, Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Chimpanzee, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Brent, L., Stone, A. M. 1993. Long-term use of enrichment for paired and singly caged chimpanzees. American Journal of Primatology 31, 301 (Abstract).

Primate facilities and environmental enrichment: An ecological and evolutionary perspective

The environmental enrichment program of the Caribbean Primate Research Center is guided by an evolutionary and ecological perspective. The evolutionary perspective suggests that primates should be housed in enclosures that provide a social and physical environment that resembles their natural...

Year Published: 1993Topics: Environmental Enrichment, Housing, Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Bercovitch, F., Kessler, M. J. 1993. Primate facilities and environmental enrichment: An ecological and evolutionary perspective. Humane Innovations and Alternatives in Animal Experimentation 7, 435-439.