Social Housing & Companionship

Resocialization of captive chimpanzees: An amelioration procedure

Group formation protocols are described. 59 of 60 chimpanzees were successfully resocialized to compatible group living. Severe wounding has not occurred in our facility, perhaps due to luck, but more likely due to the close daily behavioral monitoring of each...

Year Published: 1989Topics: Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Chimpanzee, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Fritz, J. 1989. Resocialization of captive chimpanzees: An amelioration procedure. American Journal of Primatology 19(Supplement), 79-86.

A review of environmental enrichment strategies for singly-caged nonhuman primates

Comprehensive literature review dealing with the following topics: a) Group housing versus single housing; b) Enrichment strategies using inanimate objects; c) Socialization with conspecifics; d) Role of animal care staff.

Year Published: 1989Topics: Environmental Enrichment, Human-Animal Interaction, Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Baboon, Capuchin, Chimpanzee, Lemur, Macaque, Marmoset, Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate, Owl Monkey, Squirrel Monkey, Vervet (African Green Monkey)

Citation: Fajzi, K., Reinhardt, V., Smith, M. D. 1989. A review of environmental enrichment strategies for singly-caged nonhuman primates. Lab Animal 18(2), 23-35.

Alternatives to single caging of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) used in research

Single-housed rhesus macaques were transferred to permanent pair-housing arrangements. The present investigation also demonstrates that pairing caged rhesus monkeys with compatible conspecifics does not interfere with a number of common research protocols [e.g., headcap implantation, experimental surgery, blood collection]. Our...

Year Published: 1989Topics: Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V., Houser, W. D., Cowley, D. et al. 1989. Alternatives to single caging of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) used in research. Zeitschrift für Versuchstierkunde [Journal of Experimental Animal Science] 32, 275-279.

Facilitated socialization of previously singly caged adult rhesus macaques (videotape with accompanying text)

Thirty scenes depict different adult rhesus monkeys [and one adult, male stump-tailed macaque], each paired with a compatible companion for up to two years. The following pair combinations and research situations are shown: adult male/male, adult female/female, adult male/juvenile male,...

Year Published: 1989Topics: Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. , Dodsworth, R. 1989. Facilitated socialization of previously singly caged adult rhesus macaques (videotape with accompanying text). Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center. Available on loan from Animal Care Audio-Visual Materials, WRPRC, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA, Madison, WI.

Alternatives to single caging of rhesus monkeys

Year Published: 1989Topics: Social Housing & Companionship, Surgery & Post-OpAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1989. Alternatives to single caging of rhesus monkeys. Humane Innovations and Alternatives in Animal Experimentation 3, 123-125.

Studies of the effects of group housing of calves on their welfare

Year Published: 1990Topics: Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Cattle

Citation: Schlichting, M., Smidt, D., Muller, C. 1990. Studies of the effects of group housing of calves on their welfare. Tiererztliche Umschau 45, 785-791.

Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates in Research

It is generally agreed that for social species of nonhuman primates, social interaction with other nonhuman primates is probably the optimum enrichment possibility (p. 114).

Year Published: 1990Topics: Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Mench, J. A. , Krulisch, L. (Eds.) 1990. Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates in Research. Scientist Center for Animal Welfare, Bethesda, MD. 86 p.

Time budget of caged rhesus monkeys exposed to a companion, a PVC perch and a piece of wood for an extended time*

Sixty animals were continuously exposed for at least 1.5 years to a compatible companion for social interaction, a suspended plastic pipe for perching, and a branch segment for gnawing. ... Individuals spent an average of 23.5% of the time interacting...

Year Published: 1990Topics: Environmental Enrichment, Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1990. Time budget of caged rhesus monkeys exposed to a companion, a PVC perch and a piece of wood for an extended time*. American Journal of Primatology 20, 51-56.

Environmental enrichment for marmosets

Marmosets are among the easiest of primates to provide with environmental enrichment. Like other higher primates, they need companionship, adequate space with incorporated complexity, some unpredictability in the environment, ways in which they can manipulate or control their environment.

Year Published: 1990Topics: Environmental Enrichment, Housing, Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Poole, T. B. 1990. Environmental enrichment for marmosets. Animal Technology 41(2), 81-86.

Xenospecific enrichment at the Primate Research Institute

Nursery reared, single-housed and group-housed chimpanzees were exposed to a puppy after careful prior familiarization. ... The complete physical introduction [with single-caged subject] initially resulted in tugs-of-war over toys and blankets. The chimpanzee would alternately grimace, whimper-woo, or initiate play...

Year Published: 1990Topics: Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Chimpanzee, Dog, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Struthers, E. J., Rodriguez, P., Cooper, P. et al. 1990. Xenospecific enrichment at the Primate Research Institute. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 29(2), 14-15.