Environmental Enrichment

An enrichment object that reduces aggressiveness and mortality in caged laying hens

The enrichment devices (colored key rings) significantly reduced aggressive head-pecking behavior and significantly decreased the mortality rate.

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Bird, Chicken

Citation: Gvaryahu, G., Ararat, E., Asaf, E. et al. 1994. An enrichment object that reduces aggressiveness and mortality in caged laying hens. Psychology and Behavior 55, 313-316.

Non-nutritive chewing by pigs: Implications for tail-biting and behavioral enrichment

Year Published: 1994Topics: Abnormal/Problematic Behavior, Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Pig

Citation: Feddes, J. J. R., Fraser, D. 1994. Non-nutritive chewing by pigs: Implications for tail-biting and behavioral enrichment. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers [ASAE] 37, 947-950.

Enrichment: Past and future

The future will be directed to cost/benefit analysis and development of theories of enrichment.

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Chamove, A. S. 1994. Enrichment: Past and future. Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching [ANZCCART] News 7, 4-5.

Environmental enrichment at the Oakland Zoo

Even the most complex enclosure designs need to be supplemented with enrichment features that can be varied.

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Bryant, L. 1994. Environmental enrichment at the Oakland Zoo. American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) Regional Conference Proceedings, 183-184.

Effect of cage height and environmental enrichment on rat’s behaviour

Rats housed in the high cages [20 cm] showed more interest in the [gnawing] sticks than rats housed in the low cages [15 cm]. Rats in the high cages had more contact with the paper. .. Unlike the observation of...

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental Enrichment, HousingAnimal Type: Rat, Rodent

Citation: Hirsjarvi, P. A. 1994. Effect of cage height and environmental enrichment on rat's behaviour. In: Proceedings of the Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations [FELASA] Symposium. Bunyan, J. (ed), 343-344. Royal Society of Medicine Press, London, UK.

Farm animal welfare

The goal of this paper is to expand upon the general principle of environmental enrichment for farm animals and to present some ideas for enrichment based on current research.

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Cattle, Chicken, Equine, Goat, Pig, Sheep

Citation: Newberry, R. C. 1994. Farm animal welfare. In: CCAC 1994 Western Regional Workshop. Canadian Council on Animal Care [CCAC] 21-28. Canadian Council on Animal Care, Ottawa, Canada.

Enrichment techniques for rodents and rabbits

Environmental enrichment options are discussed and recommendations made on species-adequate husbandry practices. Enrichment relates to the husbandry of animals and refers to ways in which we can meet their behavioral needs, i.e., to look after their psychological well-being and to...

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Rabbit, Rodent

Citation: Morton, D. B. 1994. Enrichment techniques for rodents and rabbits. In: Rodents and Rabbits: Current Research Issues. Niemi, S. M., Venable, J. S., Guttman, H. N. (eds), 20-27. Scientist Center of Animal Welfare, Bethesda, MD.

Environmental enrichment in flatdeck accomodation for exploratory behaviour in early-weaned piglets

Enrichment [rubber glove, rubber dog toy, strip of plastic suspended in the pen] increased normal exploratory behaviours while reducing the incidence of disturbed manipulative behaviours [oral manipulation of pen mates] and decreasing fear responses to people.

Year Published: 1994Topics: Abnormal/Problematic Behavior, Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Pig

Citation: Moore, E. A., Broom, D. M., Simmins, P. H. 1994. Environmental enrichment in flatdeck accomodation for exploratory behaviour in early-weaned piglets. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 41, 277-278 (Abstract).

A simple and effective environmental enrichment device for ponies in long-term indoor confinement

An inexpensive food-based enrichment device [5-gallon bucket with snap-lock lid and 16 separate 3/4-inch holes, filled with alfalfa cube ratio] was found to eliminate or reduce abnormal behaviours that had developed in [2] chronically isolated ponies used in equine infectious...

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Equine

Citation: Malpass, J. P., Weigler, B. J. 1994. A simple and effective environmental enrichment device for ponies in long-term indoor confinement. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science 33(6), 74-76.

Results of providing swings to individually housed rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

The single-housed adult test subjects manipulated the swings but showed little inclination to actually use them for swinging.

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Dexter, S. L., Bayne, K. 1994. Results of providing swings to individually housed rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Laboratory Primate Newsletter 33(2), 9-12.