Environmental Enrichment

Incorporation of enrichment objects in threat displays by laboratory rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Self-directed aggression in laboratory macaques is commonly considered an abnormal behavioral pattern signaling psychological disturbance, whether it is in the form of self-injurious behavior (SIB) or is just part of a self-directed threat display (SDD). Objects such as Kong® toys...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Abnormal/Problematic Behavior, Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Leland, S. P., West, A. M., Erwin, J. M. et al. 2007. Incorporation of enrichment objects in threat displays by laboratory rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). American Journal of Primatology 69(S1), 50. (30th Meeting of the American Society of Primatologists Scientific Program, Abstract #43)

Chapter 8.7. Swimming Pool for Macaques

We give our pair-housed cynos bathtubs, filled with 30 to 40 cm deep warm water, a few times a week, and have never encountered any problems other than a lot of splashing. Some monkeys take luxurious baths, others climb a...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Chapter 8.7. Swimming Pool for Macaques. In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 145. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Chapter 4.10. Wooden Objects

I give our single-caged baboons 20 cm long gnawing sticks made of pecan branches. They love them! It takes one to two weeks for a stick to be wittled down to about half of its size.

Year Published: 2007Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Baboon, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Chapter 4.10. Wooden Objects. In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 70-71. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Chapter 4.17. Vertical Space Enhancement

Most of the primates' natural environment is fixed. Even a tree is fixed; it's only at the end of branches where a monkey in nature would have the sensation of anything like a swinging perch. A fixed perch is a...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Chapter 4.17. Vertical Space Enhancement. In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum - . Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 82-85. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Chapter 4.3. Feeding Enrichment

I have given whole watermelons to group-housed rhesus, cynos, bonnet and stump-tailed macaques for several years without noticeable adverse effects. It would be a waste of time to cut the melons into small pieces. The monkeys first gnaw a hole...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Nonhuman Primate

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Chapter 4.3. Feeding Enrichment. In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 52-57. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Chapter 4.7. Windows

We expose our squirrel monkeys to natural daylight via big windows during the summer. This is supplemented with artificial light in late fall and early spring, when the days are short, and throughout the winter. Some of our squirrel monkeys...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Environmental Enrichment, HousingAnimal Type: Nonhuman Primate, Squirrel Monkey

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Chapter 4.7. Windows. In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 65-66. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Chapter 4.5. Mirrors

All of our single-housed long-tailed macaques have mirrors mounted on swivels that are attached to the outside of their cages, low enough so that an animal can chose to either bend down and intentionally look into the mirror or to...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Chapter 4.5. Mirrors. In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 60-61. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Chapter 4.4. Coconuts

Rhesus don't care much about coconuts, but stump-tailed macaques are fascinated by them and do not get tired working on them until the last morsel has disappeared in the drop pan. It never occurred that one of the monkeys somehow...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Chapter 4.4. Coconuts. In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 60-61. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Ping-pong balls: an economical idea to enrich marmosets

Year Published: 2007Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Marmoset, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Sgai, M. G. F. G., Von Seldler Stasieniuk, E., Da Rocha, C. et al. 2007. Ping-pong balls: an economical idea to enrich marmosets . Shape of Enrichment 16(1&2), 4.

Environmental enrichment for captive animals

Year Published: 2007Topics: Environmental Enrichment

Citation: Ruppell, J. 2007. Environmental enrichment for captive animals. Gibbon's Voice 9(1), 4-7.