Environmental Enrichment

Cage toys reduce abnormal behavior in individually housed pigtail macaques

Providing multiple manipulable toys as enrichment for [single-caged] pigtail macaques was effective in reducing abnormal behavior during 30- min observation session. The use of the toys was reduced over time. The Kong toy was used most consistently.

Year Published: 1998Topics: Abnormal/Problematic Behavior, Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Kessel, A. L., Brent, L. 1998. Cage toys reduce abnormal behavior in individually housed pigtail macaques. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 1, 227-234.

Behavioral enrichment for ruffed lemurs, Varecia variegata, by using a more naturalistic method of food presentation

By providing whole rather than chopped fruits, a greater range of postures and increased manual manipulation of dietary items could be obtained. Time spent feeding and foraging also increased significantly.

Year Published: 1998Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Lemur, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Kerridge, F. J. 1998. Behavioral enrichment for ruffed lemurs, Varecia variegata, by using a more naturalistic method of food presentation. Folia Primatologica 69(Supplement 1), 397. (Primate Meeting Abstract)

Vertical poles with cow bells: An enrichment device for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Adding a simple cow bell can increase use of vertical climbing poles and may have resulted in increased locomotor activity for [group-housed] captive chimpanzees. These data were collected in 1996/97 and the cow bells are still 'ringing' two years later.

Year Published: 1998Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Chimpanzee, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Howell, S. M., Fritz, J., Murphy, J. et al. 1998. Vertical poles with cow bells: An enrichment device for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). The Newsletter 9(3,4), 3-5.

Party Popper tubes: An effective enrichment for adult captive chimpanzees

The device consists of food treats ... mixed with shredded paper and stuffed into a 4 foot long section of cardboard tube which is cut into 4-inch lengths.

Year Published: 1998Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Chimpanzee, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Howell, S. M., Fritz, J., Silvers, A. 1998. Party Popper tubes: An effective enrichment for adult captive chimpanzees. The Newsletter 10(1-2), 3.

Abnormal behavior: Action not reaction

This paper will present an overview of the literature on abnormal behavior, in order to establish a context for the effective use of enrichment to address these types of problems. .... Abnormal behavior may function as an adaptive coping response...

Year Published: 1998Topics: Abnormal/Problematic Behavior, Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Stone, A. M. 1998. Abnormal behavior: Action not reaction. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. Hare, V. J. , Worley, E. (eds), 265-269. The Shape of Enrichment, San Diego, CA.

A comparative study of a group of colobus monkeys Colobus guereza matschiei before and after enrichment of their captive environment

The effect of the enrichment devices [barklitter, branches, basket filled with 'goodies', etc.] applied on the colobus exhibit could be seen both in a totally higher score for 'activity' [29.3%], and a higher amount of social interactions [16.5%].

Year Published: 1998Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Spendrup, S. , Larsson, H. O. 1998. A comparative study of a group of colobus monkeys Colobus guereza matschiei before and after enrichment of their captive environment. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. Hare, V. J. , Worley, E. (eds), 219-229. The Shape of Enrichment, San Diego, CA.

Tracing the path of environmental enrichment in zoos

Here I review some of the background to this increased interest [in environmental enhancement] and try to identify some of the concepts that underlie the field.

Year Published: 1998Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Shepherdson, D. 1998. Tracing the path of environmental enrichment in zoos. In: Second Nature - Environmental Enrichment for Captive Animals. Shepherdson, D., Mellen, J. D., Hutchins, M. (eds), 1-13. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.

Enrichment activity budget: The effect of object rotation

Object rotation and presentation of both temporary [paper, magazines, raisin boards, cardboard boxes, etc.] and semitemporary [nets, climbing structures, straw, grass, etc.] objects is emphasized

Year Published: 1998Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Chimpanzee, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Sanz, C., Blicher, A., Dalke, K. et al. 1998. Enrichment activity budget: The effect of object rotation. ChimpanZoo Conference Proceedings, 78 (Abstract).

Enrichment object use

The results of this study emphasize the importance of temporary object rotation and presentation of both temporary [paper, magazines, raisin boards, cardboard boxes, etc.] and semitemporary [nets, climbing structures, straw, grass, etc.] objects to captive chimpanzee environments.

Year Published: 1998Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Chimpanzee, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Sanz, C., Blicher, A., Dalke, K. et al. 1998. Enrichment object use. Friends of Washoe 18(1/2), 9-15.

Effects of selected behavioral enrichment devices on behavior of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)

Devices used included cardboard boxes containing food items [and straw], paper bags containing food items [and straw], burlap rags [containing straw], and willow and maple browse. The enrichment devices increased foraging, social play, and solitary play behaviors [in group-housed animals]...

Year Published: 1998Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Rooney, M. B., Sleeman, J. 1998. Effects of selected behavioral enrichment devices on behavior of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 1, 339-351.