The social behaviour of the fowl (1982)

Hughes, B. O.

Abstract

In this review the social and structural flock organisation of the feral fowl was briefly described and set in contrast to the intensive husbandry systems and the ethological implications (behavioral disorders and fear) discussed. .. In battery cages .. the social structure is abnormal, even though group size is much closer to that found in the natural situation. Crowding has the effect of greatly reducing [emphasis added] agonistic interaction, partly, it is thought, by the immediate presence of a dominant individual having an inhibiting influence. In addition, birds may habituate to the point where close contact no longer stimulates an avert aggressive response. The price which has to be paid for this low level of aggression may be the enhanced level of fear which is often found in caged, as opposed to penned, hens.