The influence of handling by humans on the behaviour, reproduction and corticosteroids of male and female pigs (1986)

Hemsworth, P. H., Barnett, J. L., Hansen, C.

Abstract

Animals who are fearful of humans show a marked increase in corticosteroid levels both in the presence and in the absence of people. Unpleasant handling treatment resulted in a chronic stress response, with consequent adverse effects on reproduction.