Space utilization and social behaviors of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) housed under varying caging and social conditions (1993)

Mahoney, C. J., Gordon, M., Briggs, D.

Abstract

Affiliative behaviors and ambulatory activity were significantly greater when groups [one male plus 2 or 3 females] had less space. When they had access to several cages, the animals spend most of the time in one cage in close proximity with each other.