Social interactions between captive adult male and infant lowland gorillas: Implications regarding kin selection and zoo management (1999)

Enciso, A. E., Calcagno, J. M., Gold, K. C.

Abstract

The unrelated infant was the recipient of more than 40% of the agonistic behavior exhibited by the silverback, whereas no such encounters were recorded with the related dyad. ... Infants may be introduced into non-natal groups without being attacked or physically harmed by dominant males, but their subsequent relationships with these males may lack the close, affiliative interactions that enhance infant social development.