Publications

An Enrichment Device for Great Apes

The influence of an environmental enrichment feeding device (puzzle feeder), on activity and behaviour patterns of captive orang-utans, gorillas and chimpanzees was studied at London Zoo. General activity levels and behaviours directed towards the feeder increased for all species when...

Year Published: 1992Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Chimpanzee, Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Gilloux, I., Gurnell, J., Shepherdson, D. 1992. An Enrichment Device for Great Apes. Animal Welfare, 1(4), 279–289.

Behaviour and Preferences Among Deep Litters in Captive Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus Capucinus)

A captive group of white-faced capuchins, Cebus capucinus, was presented with four deep litters in simultaneous choice (or preference) tests. A floor covering of ground corn cob, woodchips, wood wool or peat was presented once in each quarter of the...

Year Published: 1999Topics: Husbandry & ManagementAnimal Type: Capuchin, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Ludes-Fraulob, E., Anderson, J R. (1999). Behaviour and Preferences Among Deep Litters in Captive Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus Capucinus). Animal Welfare, 8(2), 127–134.

In-Homecage Blood Collection from Conscious Stumptailed Macaques

Six adult female stumptailed macaques (Macaca aretoides) were trained within a two week period to actively co-operate during in-homecage venipuncture rather than in a restraint apparatus away from the homecage. The training was based on consistent firmness, gentleness and patience....

Year Published: 1992Topics: Biological Sampling & Physiological MeasurementAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V., Cowley, D. (1992). In-Homecage Blood Collection from Conscious Stumptailed Macaques. Animal Welfare, 1(4), 249–255.

Pole-and-collar training of macaques: a discussion by the Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum

I am currently pole-and-collar training one of our adult pair-housed rhesus females and hope to get her to graduate to the chair in the next few weeks. Winnie remains sitting when I move the pole towards her but squirms when...

Year Published: 2005Topics: Animal TrainingAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Down, N., Skoumbourdis, E., Walsh, M., et al. Pole-and-collar training of macaques: a discussion by the Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum Animal Technology and Welfare 4(3), 157-161 (2005)

Rabbits, Guinea Pigs and Mice.

We, the people involved in animal care, are trying to develop improved methods of keeping our animals, methods which will take into account more of the animals' behavioral needs. We now have a large number of rabbits in runs which...

Year Published: 1988Topics: Housing, Husbandry & ManagementAnimal Type: Guinea Pig, Mouse, Rabbit, Rodent

Citation: Love, J A., Gray, G., Boyd, J., Rabbits, Guinea Pigs and Mice. Humane Innovations and Alternatives Vol. 2, 1988, p.47-50

Greenspace for primates

Against most expectations, after 11 years, the Seattle gorilla exhibit is still lushly landscaped. The animals climb trees to favorite perches to get a better view and browse among certain favourite plants. All of these normal behaviours are reducing the...

Year Published: 1988

Citation: Lee, G. H., Coe, J. C. 1988. Greenspace for primates. International Zoo News 35(3), 19-21.

Howletts and Port Lympne Zoo Parks, UK, Summer 1990 – Summer 1991

Several structural enrichment enhancers are described. When a barrel with an opening in the front was hung from the roof of the siamang enclosure, our then solitary male, Mitch, spent much of his time looking out at the world from...

Year Published: 1992Topics: Environmental Enrichment, Rearing & Weaning, ReproductionAnimal Type: Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Anonymous. 1992. Annual Reports: Howletts and Port Lympne Zoo Parks, UK. International Zoo News 39(1), 30-41.

Body length as an objective marker of time to wean in laboratory mice

In laboratory mice, the 21-day weaning standard is the most commonly applied strategy across institutions. However, this strategy has numerous drawbacks, including potential for litter overlap, pup mortality, and weaning extensions. In pursuit of a more objective marker for weaning,...

Year Published: 2025Topics: Rearing & WeaningAnimal Type: Mouse, Rodent

Citation: Wilson, R. L., Dupont, W. D., Hunter, C. L. et al. 2025. Body length as an objective marker of time to wean in laboratory mice. JAALAS 64(5), 962–967.

An adapted Qualitative Behavioural Assessment of dogs’ facial expressions of fear and frustration

Qualitative Behavioural Assessment (QBA) involves the quantification of people’s holistic interpretations of the style and quality of movement and has been used to assess the emotional states of many species, including dogs. Faces are a rich source of emotional expression,...

Year Published: 2025Topics: Emotion, Pain, & SentienceAnimal Type: Dog

Citation: Wilson, B. M., Correia-Caeiro, C., Mills, D. S. 2025. An adapted Qualitative Behavioural Assessment of dogs’ facial expressions of fear and frustration. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 292, 106828.

Tortoise Husbandry and Welfare

Keeping captive tortoises healthy and well is a significant challenge. Because they are ectotherms, these reptiles are totally dependent upon external sources to maintain body temperature and therefore metabolic function. Their physical environment is vital for them to remain healthy,...

Year Published: 2024Topics: Emotion, Pain, & Sentience, Husbandry & Management, Natural Behavior, Social Housing & Companionship, Welfare AssessmentAnimal Type: Reptile, Turtle & Tortoise

Citation: Williams, J. 2024. Tortoise Husbandry and Welfare. CABI, 303 pages.