Publications

Pairing previously singly caged rhesus monkeys does not interfere with common research protocols

Our experiences indicate that facilitated socialization of previously singly caged rhesus monkeys offers an inexpensive method of environmental enrichment that is practicable under common management situations and numerous research conditions.

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V., Houser, W. D., Eisele, S. 1989. Pairing previously singly caged rhesus monkeys does not interfere with common research protocols. Laboratory Animal Science 39, 73-74.

Facilitated socialization of previously singly caged adult rhesus macaques (videotape with accompanying text)

Thirty scenes depict different adult rhesus monkeys [and one adult, male stump-tailed macaque], each paired with a compatible companion for up to two years. The following pair combinations and research situations are shown: adult male/male, adult female/female, adult male/juvenile male,...

Year Published: 1989Topics: Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. , Dodsworth, R. 1989. Facilitated socialization of previously singly caged adult rhesus macaques (videotape with accompanying text). Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center. Available on loan from Animal Care Audio-Visual Materials, WRPRC, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA, Madison, WI.

Re-pairing caged rhesus monkeys

Our attempts to re-pair adult [female] caged rhesus monkeys [without prior familiarization] who have lost their companions have consistently been successful.

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1989. Re-pairing caged rhesus monkeys. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 28(4), 19.

Evaluation of the long-term effectiveness of two environmental enrichment objects for singly caged rhesus macaques

Subjects were exposed to a PVC pipe and to a gnawing stick uninterruptedly for one year. The singly caged monkeys spent on average 28% of the total observation time [120 min] with the PVC pipes but only 3% with the...

Year Published: 1989Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1989. Evaluation of the long-term effectiveness of two environmental enrichment objects for singly caged rhesus macaques. Lab Animal 18(6), 31-33.

Behavioral responses of unrelated adult male rhesus monkeys familiarized and paired for the purpose of environmental enrichment

Potential companions were first given the opportunity to establish clear-cut rank relationships during a 5-day period of noncontact familiarization. Only then were they paired in a different double cage. Rank relationships were confirmed within the first 6 minutes after pairing...

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1989. Behavioral responses of unrelated adult male rhesus monkeys familiarized and paired for the purpose of environmental enrichment . American Journal of Primatology 17, 243-248 .

Alternatives to single caging of rhesus monkeys

Single-housed rhesus macaques were transferred to permanent pair-housing arrangements. The present investigation also demonstrates that pairing caged rhesus monkeys with compatible conspecifics does not interfere with a number of common research protocols [e.g., headcap implantation, experimental surgery, blood collection]. Our...

Year Published: 1989Topics: Social Housing & Companionship, Surgery & Post-OpAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1989. Alternatives to single caging of rhesus monkeys. Humane Innovations and Alternatives in Animal Experimentation 3, 123-125.

Compatible rhesus monkeys provide long-term stimulation for each other

The [12 pair-housed] rhesus monkeys in the present study distracted each other in species-typical ways on average 35% of the time, even though the companions had lived with each other continually for 2.5 years. Apparently, a compatible companion is a...

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Ranheim, S., Reinhardt, V. 1989. Compatible rhesus monkeys provide long-term stimulation for each other. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 28(3), 1-2.

Maintenance of primates in captivity for research: The need for naturalistic environments

Most important, we found that well over 90% of time was spent in the outdoor compartment, despite its smaller size.

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Pereira, M. E., Macedonia, J. M., Haring, D. M. et al. 1989. Maintenance of primates in captivity for research: The need for naturalistic environments. In: Housing, Care and Psychological Wellbeing of Captive and Laboratory Primates. Segal, E. F. (ed), 40-60. Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ.

A room with a view for captive primates: Issues, goals, related research and strategies

Recent controversies have made medical researchers, too, aware of both ethical issues in the use of animals for research, and scientific questions about the appropriateness of using stressed animals as research subjects.

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: Nonhuman Primate

Citation: O'Neill, P. L. 1989. A room with a view for captive primates: Issues, goals, related research and strategies. In: Housing, Care and Psychological Wellbeing of Captive and Laboratory Primates. Segal, E. F. (ed), 135-182. Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ.

Short-term and long-term benefits of environmental enrichment on laboratory rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

The animals were transferred from their barren group cage to a more spacious playroom equipped with climbing /perching structures and swings for one hour per day, five days a week: The animals showed a decline in the frequency of three...

Year Published: 1989Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: O'Neill, P. L. 1989. Short-term and long-term benefits of environmental enrichment on laboratory rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) Regional Conference Proceedings, 616-625.