Ethics of animal welfare in research: The institution's attempt to achieve appropriate social balance (1986)

Prentice, E. D., Zucker, I. H., Jameton, A.

Abstract

Physical restraint procedures should be used on awake animals only after alternative procedures have been considered and found to be inadequate. If a restraint will be utilized the animal should be trained or conditioned to the restraining device, using positive reinforcement, prior to the beginning of the experiment.