Correlates of pen size and housing conditions on the behaviour of kennelled dogs (1992)

Hubrecht, R. C., Serpell, J. A., Poole, T. B.

Abstract

Behavioral data were collected from solitary and group-housed dogs [of different breeds] from animal shelters and laboratories. Solitary dogs were more inactive and spent more time in non-social repetitive locomotory behaviour categories. Dogs housed in pens with spacious, complex outdoor runs were more active and engaged in more species-typical locomotory behaviors than dogs kept in small and barren standard pens.