Nonhuman Primate

Influence of cage size on heart rate and behavior in rhesus monkeys

In single-housed subjects there were no significant differences in basal heart rates or activity counts as a function of cage size [of barren, single cages].

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Line, S. W., Morgan, K. N., Markowitz, H. et al. 1989. Influence of cage size on heart rate and behavior in rhesus monkeys. American Journal of Veterinary Research 40, 1523-1526.

Heart rate and activity of rhesus monkeys in response to routine events

Adult female rhesus macaques responded with a significant, protracted increase in heart rate to being placed in transfer boxes while their dirty cages were replaced with clean ones. The mean heart rate remained elevated for two hours after completion of...

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Line, S. W., Morgan, K. N., Markowitz, H. et al. 1989. Heart rate and activity of rhesus monkeys in response to routine events. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 28(2), 9-12.

Adult female rhesus macaque responses to novel objects

At least half of the [single-housed] subjects used each of the objects presented [plastic ball, ring and block]. The large behavioral variation both within and between monkeys suggests individual preferences for objects, and indicates the need for long-term evaluation on...

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Line, S. W., Clarke, A. S., Markowitz, H. 1989. Adult female rhesus macaque responses to novel objects. Lab Animal 18(4), 33-35, 37 & 39-40.

Evaluation of attempts to enrich the environment of single-caged non-human primates

A review of early studies of enrichment for single-housed primates. Our experience with cage toys suggests that after a very short time (a few days or less), most macaques will lose interest in the objects that are offered. Rhesus macaques...

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Line, S. W., Markowitz, H., Morgan, K. N. et al. 1989. Evaluation of attempts to enrich the environment of single-caged non-human primates. In: Animal Care and Use in Behavioral Research: Regulation, Issues, and Applications . Driscoll, J. W. (ed), 103-117. Animal Welfare Information Center National Agricultural Library , Beltsville, MD.

How not to enlarge a stable group of stumptailed macaques (Macaca arctoides)

The best advice, based on our experience with established groups of stumptails, is to combine groups, or introduce adult animals, only as a very last resort, and then with great care and assiduous monitoring.

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Rhine, R. J. , Cox, R. L. 1989. How not to enlarge a stable group of stumptailed macaques (Macaca arctoides). In: Housing, Care and Psychological Wellbeing of Captive and Laboratory Primates. Segal, E. F. (ed), 255-269. Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ.

Alternatives to single caging of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) used in research

Single-housed rhesus macaques were transferred to permanent pair-housing arrangements. The present investigation also demonstrates that pairing caged rhesus monkeys with compatible conspecifics does not interfere with a number of common research protocols [e.g., headcap implantation, experimental surgery, blood collection]. Our...

Year Published: 1989Topics: Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V., Houser, W. D., Cowley, D. et al. 1989. Alternatives to single caging of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) used in research. Zeitschrift für Versuchstierkunde [Journal of Experimental Animal Science] 32, 275-279.

Pairing previously singly caged rhesus monkeys does not interfere with common research protocols

Our experiences indicate that facilitated socialization of previously singly caged rhesus monkeys offers an inexpensive method of environmental enrichment that is practicable under common management situations and numerous research conditions.

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V., Houser, W. D., Eisele, S. 1989. Pairing previously singly caged rhesus monkeys does not interfere with common research protocols. Laboratory Animal Science 39, 73-74.

Facilitated socialization of previously singly caged adult rhesus macaques (videotape with accompanying text)

Thirty scenes depict different adult rhesus monkeys [and one adult, male stump-tailed macaque], each paired with a compatible companion for up to two years. The following pair combinations and research situations are shown: adult male/male, adult female/female, adult male/juvenile male,...

Year Published: 1989Topics: Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. , Dodsworth, R. 1989. Facilitated socialization of previously singly caged adult rhesus macaques (videotape with accompanying text). Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center. Available on loan from Animal Care Audio-Visual Materials, WRPRC, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA, Madison, WI.

Re-pairing caged rhesus monkeys

Our attempts to re-pair adult [female] caged rhesus monkeys [without prior familiarization] who have lost their companions have consistently been successful.

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1989. Re-pairing caged rhesus monkeys. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 28(4), 19.

Evaluation of the long-term effectiveness of two environmental enrichment objects for singly caged rhesus macaques

Subjects were exposed to a PVC pipe and to a gnawing stick uninterruptedly for one year. The singly caged monkeys spent on average 28% of the total observation time [120 min] with the PVC pipes but only 3% with the...

Year Published: 1989Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1989. Evaluation of the long-term effectiveness of two environmental enrichment objects for singly caged rhesus macaques. Lab Animal 18(6), 31-33.