Nonhuman Primate

The role of behavioral research in the conservation of chimpanzees and gorillas

This article provides examples of how gorilla and chimpanzee behavioral studies intersect with, and are critical to, conservation efforts.

Year Published: 2007Animal Type: Chimpanzee, Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Lonsdorf, E. V. 2007. The role of behavioral research in the conservation of chimpanzees and gorillas. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 10(1), 71-78.

Incorporation of enrichment objects in threat displays by laboratory rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Self-directed aggression in laboratory macaques is commonly considered an abnormal behavioral pattern signaling psychological disturbance, whether it is in the form of self-injurious behavior (SIB) or is just part of a self-directed threat display (SDD). Objects such as Kong® toys...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Abnormal/Problematic Behavior, Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Leland, S. P., West, A. M., Erwin, J. M. et al. 2007. Incorporation of enrichment objects in threat displays by laboratory rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). American Journal of Primatology 69(S1), 50. (30th Meeting of the American Society of Primatologists Scientific Program, Abstract #43)

Enhancing nonhuman primate care and welfare through the use of positive reinforcement training

This article reviews the results already achieved with positive reinforcement training and suggests further possibilities for enhancing primate care and welfare.

Year Published: 2007Animal Type: Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Laule, G., Whittaker, M. 2007. Enhancing nonhuman primate care and welfare through the use of positive reinforcement training. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 10(1), 31-38.

Chapter 9.5. Multi-Tier Caging

In a quantitative study I did on 20 pair-housed cynos, the animals spent 94 percent of their waking time in the upper part of the vertically arranged double cage. All food was given in the bottom section, yet the animals...

Year Published: 2007Topics: HousingAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Chapter 9.5. Multi-Tier CagingMaking Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 158-161. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Chapter 7.4. Pole-and-collar training of macaques

While strictly using positive reinforcement and applying patient gentle-firmness, most macaques can be trained to cooperate during the pole-attachment-chairing procedure. Some cannot be trained, because they have problems overcoming their often-legitimate mistrust of humans.

Year Published: 2007Topics: Animal Training, Handling, RestraintAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Chapter 7.4. Pole-and-collar training of macaques. In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 127-130. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Chapter 7.5. Catching animals who have escaped

Monkeys presumably escape not because they really want to leave their familiar home environment, but because something alarms them, such as an investigator trying to grab them with heavy leather gloves through the partially opened cage door. If they can...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Handling, Human-Animal Interaction, Husbandry & ManagementAnimal Type: Nonhuman Primate

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Chapter 7.5. Catching animals who have escaped. In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 131-133. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Chapter 8.7. Swimming Pool for Macaques

We give our pair-housed cynos bathtubs, filled with 30 to 40 cm deep warm water, a few times a week, and have never encountered any problems other than a lot of splashing. Some monkeys take luxurious baths, others climb a...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Chapter 8.7. Swimming Pool for Macaques. In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 145. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Nonhuman primates prefer slow tempos but dislike music overall

Both tamarins and marmosets preferred slow tempo to fast temp music, and when allowed to choose between slow tempo musical stimuli and silence they preferred silence.

Year Published: 2007Animal Type: Marmoset, Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate

Citation: McDermott, J., Hauser, M. D. 2007. Nonhuman primates prefer slow tempos but dislike music overall. Cognition 104, 654-668.

Chapter 5.1. Pair Formation and Pair-Housing of Monkeys

The PI who does research with our pair-housed rhesus insists that cage companions be separated during the night and on weekends, so that they cannot fight and injure each other while nobody is around. I would love to keep the...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Chapter 5.1. Pair Formation and Pair-Housing of Monkeys. In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 95-101. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

A tail of two monkeys: Social housing for nonhuman primates

This article references common research protocols that accommodate pair housing and includes scientific recommendations for institutional animal care and use committees to facilitate providing physical social contact for nonhuman primates in laboratories.

Year Published: 2007Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Seelig, D. 2007. A tail of two monkeys: Social housing for nonhuman primates. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 10(1), 21-30.