Nonhuman Primate

Positive reinforcement training as a technique to alter non-human primate behavior: Quantitative assessments of effectiveness

We found that positive reinforcement techniques alter the expression of affiliative behavior in group-housed, female rhesus macaques. ... We found a statistically significant reduction in aggression when meals were fed to group-living chimpanzees using a co-operative feeding technique. .... We...

Year Published: 2002Animal Type: Chimpanzee, Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Schapiro, S. J., Bloomsmith, M. A., Laule, G. E. 2002. Positive reinforcement training as a technique to alter non-human primate behavior: Quantitative assessments of effectiveness. In: Congress of the International Primatological Society . 181-182 (Abstract). Mammalogical Society of China, Beijing, China.

Effects of social manipulations and environmental enrichment on behavior and cell-mediated immune responses in rhesus macaques

In general, enrichment of the inanimate environment with toys, structures, foraging devices, and/or videotapes increased the amount of species-typical behavior expressed by the monkeys, but did not affect their immune responses. Housing monkeys socially, on the other hand, not only...

Year Published: 2002Topics: Environmental Enrichment, Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Schapiro, S. J. 2002. Effects of social manipulations and environmental enrichment on behavior and cell-mediated immune responses in rhesus macaques. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 73, 271-278.

Training macaques to voluntarily co-operate during two common procedures: Blood collection and capture of group-housed animals

Ten male, pair-housed rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and six female, pair-housed stump-tailed macaques (M. arctoides) were successfully trained to actively cooperate during in-homecage venipuncture. Training was based on positive reinforcement with food-treats and vocal praise, consistent firmness, gentleness and patience....

Year Published: 2002Topics: Animal Training, Biological Sampling & Physiological MeasurementAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V., Buchanan-Smith, H. M., Prescott, M. J. 2002. Training macaques to voluntarily co-operate during two common procedures: Blood collection and capture of group-housed animals. In: Congress of the International Primatological Society . 182-183 (Abstract). Mammalogical Society of China, Beijing, China.

The myth of the aggressive monkey

Captive rhesus macaques are not intrinsically aggressive, but poor husbandry and handling practices can trigger their aggression towards conspecifics and towards the human handler. The statement 'rhesus macaques are so aggressive animals' is probably based on the fact that basic...

Year Published: 2002Topics: Handling, Housing, Husbandry & Management, Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 2002. The myth of the aggressive monkey. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 5(4), 321-330.

Comfortable quarters for nonhuman primates in research institutions

Practical guidelines for the species-adequate housing of nonhuman primates in research facilities. Providing primates in research institutions with primate-adequate housing and humane handling conditions is no sentimentalism. On the contrary, it is essential to employ such refined methodology in order...

Year Published: 2002Animal Type: Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 2002. Comfortable quarters for nonhuman primates in research institutions. In: Comfortable Quarters for Laboratory Animals, Ninth Edition. Reinhardt, V. , Reinhardt, A. (eds.), 66-79. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Artificial weaning of Old World monkeys: Benefits and costs

The perceived benefits of permanent, pre-weaning mother-infant separation are not supported by scientific findings. ... As long as there is an excessive number of monkeys and insufficient cage space, there is no ethically legitimate reason for attempting to enhance the...

Year Published: 2002Topics: Husbandry & Management, Rearing & WeaningAnimal Type: Baboon, Macaque, Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 2002. Artificial weaning of Old World monkeys: Benefits and costs. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 5(2), 151-156.

Addressing the social needs of macaques used for research

The present paper summarizes the author's experiences transferring a colony of rhesus macaques mulatta) from individual- to pair-caging. ... The implementation of pair-housing as standard caging at Wisconsin RPRC was not excessively expensive in terms of work time and material....

Year Published: 2002Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 2002. Addressing the social needs of macaques used for research. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 41(3), 7-10.

Use of positive reinforcement training to decrease stereotypic behaviors in a pair of orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus)

Year Published: 2002Animal Type: Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Raper, J. R., Bloomsmith, M. A., Stone, A. et al. 2002. Use of positive reinforcement training to decrease stereotypic behaviors in a pair of orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). American Journal of Primatology 57(Supplement), 12 (Abstract).

Housing and care of monkeys and apes in laboratories: adaptations allowing essential species-specific behaviour

An animal is not a survival machine but a genetically programmed organism. A machine 'survives' longest if it is maintained properly but not used. An animal, however, needs to use the functions that evolved for its survival, in order to...

Year Published: 2002Animal Type: Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Rider, E. L., Timmermans, P. J. A. 2002. Housing and care of monkeys and apes in laboratories: adaptations allowing essential species-specific behaviour. Laboratory Animals 36, 222-241.

Reproduction in baboons: The influence of environmental enhancement

A number of factors may be influencing the improved reproductive performance of this baboon population. The new facility provides increased space, more complex climbing structures, and decreased competition for food than the old setting.

Year Published: 2002Animal Type: Baboon, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Wallis, J. 2002. Reproduction in baboons: The influence of environmental enhancement. American Journal of Primatology 57, 85 (Abstract).