Nonhuman Primate

Expression of species-specific behavior in rhesus monkeys

High level perches were preferred over medium level and low perches for sleeping, social grooming and sitting. There were no overall age-effects on the use of perches. ... The availability of escape routes to outside areas reduced stress caused by...

Year Published: 1994Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: O'Neill-Wagner, P. L. 1994. Expression of species-specific behavior in rhesus monkeys. Lab Animal 23(10), 40-44.

Training a large troop of rhesus macaques to co-operate during catching: Analysis of the time investment

This study demonstrates that only a minimal time investment was needed to train a large troop of laboratory non-human primates to co-operate in the catching procedure. A group of 45 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) was trained to enter a chute...

Year Published: 1994Topics: Animal Training, Handling, RestraintAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Luttrell, L., Acker, L., Urben, M. et al. 1994. Training a large troop of rhesus macaques to co-operate during catching: Analysis of the time investment. Animal Welfare 3(2), 135-140.

Social enrichment for previously single-caged stump-tail macaques

Isosexual pair-housing of ten female and six male previously single-caged adult stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides) was attempted. Partners were introduced to each other following the establishment of rank relationships during a three-day non-contact familiarization period. Pair formations did not entail...

Year Published: 1994Topics: Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1994. Social enrichment for previously single-caged stump-tail macaques. Animal Technology 5, 37-41.

Safe pair formation technique for previously single-caged rhesus macaques

A safe pair formation technique is described. All 20 [adult male] pairs were compatible during pair formation and throughout the 2-month follow-up period.

Year Published: 1994Topics: Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1994. Safe pair formation technique for previously single-caged rhesus macaques. In Touch 1(3), 5-6.

Pair-housing rather than single-housing for laboratory rhesus macaques

Two different pair formation options for adult female and male rhesus macaques are described and tested: Pairing adults with adults of the same sex after establishment of dominance-subordination relationships during a noncontact familiarization period, and pairing adults with naturally weaned,...

Year Published: 1994Topics: Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1994. Pair-housing rather than single-housing for laboratory rhesus macaques. Journal of Medical Primatology 23(8), 426-431.

Continuous pair-housing of caged Macaca mulatta: Risk evaluation

Pairs were compatible in 88% of cases during the follow-up period of 1 to 6.3 years. There were no indications that long-term compatibility of male pairs was less than that of female pairs.

Year Published: 1994Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1994. Continuous pair-housing of caged Macaca mulatta: Risk evaluation. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 33(1), 1-4.

Effective environmental enrichment for caged rhesus macaques

The animals spent approximately 20% of the [day] time interacting with the companion, 10% perching on the PVC pipe, 4% gnawing/manipulating the branch segment and 7% foraging for primary food.

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental Enrichment, Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1994. Effective environmental enrichment for caged rhesus macaques. In Touch 1(2), 1 & 3-5.

Design and implementation of a primate foraging tray

Excreta trays have been modified to include [small] foraging trays. The trays are placed under the cages. Videotape observation of [single-housed] 24 animals indicates the trays provide from 30 to over 120 min of foraging activity.

Year Published: 1994Animal Type: Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Spector, M., Kowalczky, M. A., Fortman, J. D. et al. 1994. Design and implementation of a primate foraging tray. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science 33(5), 54-55.

Caged rhesus macaques voluntarily work for ordinary food

Eight single-caged adult rhesus macaques were given the choice of freely collecting their standard food ration, i.e. 33 biscuits, from an ordinary food box or working for its retrieval from a custom- made food puzzle. During a one-hour observation session...

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental Enrichment, Husbandry & Management, Natural BehaviorAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1994. Caged rhesus macaques voluntarily work for ordinary food. Primates 35, 95-98.

Monitoring female reproductive function by measurement of fecal estrogen and progesterone metabolites in the white-faced saki (Pithecia pithecia)

First morning void urine was collected directly in a polypropylene container hand-held under the female subject. A second container was held under the female to collect fecal material. [The group-housed] females urinated and defecated within 5-20 min. Following sample collection,...

Year Published: 1994Topics: Biological Sampling & Physiological MeasurementAnimal Type: Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Shideler, S. E., Savage, A., Ortuno, A. M. et al. 1994. Monitoring female reproductive function by measurement of fecal estrogen and progesterone metabolites in the white-faced saki (Pithecia pithecia). American Journal of Primatology 32, 95-108.