Nonhuman Primate

Safe pair formation technique for previously single-caged rhesus macaques

A safe pair formation technique is described. All 20 [adult male] pairs were compatible during pair formation and throughout the 2-month follow-up period.

Year Published: 1994Topics: Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1994. Safe pair formation technique for previously single-caged rhesus macaques. In Touch 1(3), 5-6.

Pair-housing rather than single-housing for laboratory rhesus macaques

Two different pair formation options for adult female and male rhesus macaques are described and tested: Pairing adults with adults of the same sex after establishment of dominance-subordination relationships during a noncontact familiarization period, and pairing adults with naturally weaned,...

Year Published: 1994Topics: Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1994. Pair-housing rather than single-housing for laboratory rhesus macaques. Journal of Medical Primatology 23(8), 426-431.

Continuous pair-housing of caged Macaca mulatta: Risk evaluation

Pairs were compatible in 88% of cases during the follow-up period of 1 to 6.3 years. There were no indications that long-term compatibility of male pairs was less than that of female pairs.

Year Published: 1994Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1994. Continuous pair-housing of caged Macaca mulatta: Risk evaluation. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 33(1), 1-4.

Effective environmental enrichment for caged rhesus macaques

The animals spent approximately 20% of the [day] time interacting with the companion, 10% perching on the PVC pipe, 4% gnawing/manipulating the branch segment and 7% foraging for primary food.

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental Enrichment, Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1994. Effective environmental enrichment for caged rhesus macaques. In Touch 1(2), 1 & 3-5.

Design and implementation of a primate foraging tray

Excreta trays have been modified to include [small] foraging trays. The trays are placed under the cages. Videotape observation of [single-housed] 24 animals indicates the trays provide from 30 to over 120 min of foraging activity.

Year Published: 1994Animal Type: Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Spector, M., Kowalczky, M. A., Fortman, J. D. et al. 1994. Design and implementation of a primate foraging tray. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science 33(5), 54-55.

Caged rhesus macaques voluntarily work for ordinary food

Eight single-caged adult rhesus macaques were given the choice of freely collecting their standard food ration, i.e. 33 biscuits, from an ordinary food box or working for its retrieval from a custom- made food puzzle. During a one-hour observation session...

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental Enrichment, Husbandry & Management, Natural BehaviorAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1994. Caged rhesus macaques voluntarily work for ordinary food. Primates 35, 95-98.

Monitoring female reproductive function by measurement of fecal estrogen and progesterone metabolites in the white-faced saki (Pithecia pithecia)

First morning void urine was collected directly in a polypropylene container hand-held under the female subject. A second container was held under the female to collect fecal material. [The group-housed] females urinated and defecated within 5-20 min. Following sample collection,...

Year Published: 1994Topics: Biological Sampling & Physiological MeasurementAnimal Type: Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Shideler, S. E., Savage, A., Ortuno, A. M. et al. 1994. Monitoring female reproductive function by measurement of fecal estrogen and progesterone metabolites in the white-faced saki (Pithecia pithecia). American Journal of Primatology 32, 95-108.

Enrichment options: Rotating logs for great apes

The logs are fixed as far outside the ceiling fence as they only can be reached with selected branches provided by the keepers. Using these sticks, the apes have to bring the log out of equilibrium and turn the log...

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Rathfelder, K. 1994. Enrichment options: Rotating logs for great apes. Animal Keepers' Forum 21(4), 132-233.

Behavioral management of specific pathogen-free rhesus macaques: Group formation, reproduction, and parental competence

Breeding colonies of specific pathogen-free (SPF) rhesus macaques were established to eradicate the transmission of Herpesvirus simiae and several retroviruses in this species. Strategies to attain this goal included the combination of large numbers of monkeys into groups, the establishment...

Year Published: 1994Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Schapiro, S. J., Lee-Parritz, D. E., Taylor, L. L. et al. 1994. Behavioral management of specific pathogen-free rhesus macaques: Group formation, reproduction, and parental competence. Laboratory Animal Science 44, 229-234.

Monkeys on ice

I spent an hour or so shoveling fresh, clean new snow into a huge plastic bin and dumped the lot on the floors of each small primate and prosimian indoor enclosure... The event was a tremendous success

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Poulsen, E. 1994. Monkeys on ice. The Shape of Enrichment 3(1), 7.