Nonhuman Primate

A simple device for stimulating gummivory in tamarins (Saguinus)

A simple, custom-made gum-tree was tested. The artificial gum-tree was hung vertically from the top of the cage with two screw hooks, and placed ideally two or more feet from existing branches and cage walls. All tamarins under 3.5 years...

Year Published: 1993Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate

Citation: LeBlanc, D. 1993. A simple device for stimulating gummivory in tamarins (Saguinus). American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) Regional Conference Proceedings, 212-219.

Consequences of restraint stress on natural killer cell activity, behavior, and hormone levels in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Animals were chair restrained and samples taken after 1, 2 and 3 hours. WBC and the percentage of neutrophils increased during the restraint period, while the percent lymphocytes and monocytes decreased. NK [natural killer cell] activity also decreased over time...

Year Published: 1993Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Morrow-Tesch, J. L., McGlone, J. J., Norman, R. L. 1993. Consequences of restraint stress on natural killer cell activity, behavior, and hormone levels in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Psychoendocrinology 18, 383-395.

Relocatable outdoor exercise and enrichment structures for captive chimpanzees

The use of a relocatable outdoor exercise enclosure (Primadome) is discussed.

Year Published: 1993Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Chimpanzee, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Lee, D. R., Beck, T. F., Keeling, M. E. 1993. Relocatable outdoor exercise and enrichment structures for captive chimpanzees. American Journal of Primatology 30, 326 (Abstract).

Regurgitation and reingestion in a captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)

Our findings suggest that behavioral training [negative/positive reinforcement] coupled with a dietary change [replacing fruit with vegetables and browse] may reduce regurgitation activities.

Year Published: 1993Animal Type: Chimpanzee, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Morgan, L., Menkhus-Howell, S., Fritz, J. 1993. Regurgitation and reingestion in a captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). Lab Animal 22(8), 42-44.

The effects of elementary environmental enrichment on the behavior of captive Java macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

The aim of this study was to determine the short-term effects of simple, cost-effective enrichment techniques. .... In the presence of simple enrichment [ranging 'from food to foliage to plastic objects'], isolate housed macaques showed slight decreases in abnormal behaviors...

Year Published: 1993Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Knowles, L. 1993. The effects of elementary environmental enrichment on the behavior of captive Java macaques (Macaca fascicularis). American Journal of Primatology 30, 324 (Abstract).

Enrichment for primates in a toxicology facility

Ice cubes have been given to hundreds of [probably single-housed] monkeys, and we found no ill effects (e.g., broken teeth).

Year Published: 1993Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Nonhuman Primate

Citation: McNulty, J. 1993. Enrichment for primates in a toxicology facility. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 32(2), 16.

Environmental enrichment for captive wildlife through the simulation of gum feeding

Gum-feeders consisted of eight dowel segments with four drilled-out circular cavities (gum reservoirs) that were stacked onto a threaded, metal rod, secured with wing nuts, and wired onto the existing cage furniture. The marmosets not only accepted and fed from...

Year Published: 1993Animal Type: Marmoset, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Kelly, K. 1993. Environmental enrichment for captive wildlife through the simulation of gum feeding. Animal Welfare Information Center (AWIC) Newsletter 4(3), 1-2 & 5-10.

Small primate enrichment at the Calgary Zoo, part 2: Lemurs

Some enrichment options are reported. These lemurs require branches of a substantial size for resting on, as they usually like to lie flat on a branch with limbs dangling on either side for balance.

Year Published: 1993Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Lemur, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: McGivern, L. 1993. Small primate enrichment at the Calgary Zoo, part 2: Lemurs. The Shape of Enrichment 2(4), 9-10.

Conflict avoidance among rhesus monkeys: coping with short-term crowding

Two contrasting models were examined, each of which predicts a relationship between space and aggression in primates. A 'spatial density' model predicts that as spatial densities increase aggressive responses also increase. A more recent 'coping model' suggests that, over long...

Year Published: 1993Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Judge, P. G., De Waal, F. B. M. 1993. Conflict avoidance among rhesus monkeys: coping with short-term crowding. Animal Behaviour 46(2), 221-232.

Primate enrichment at the International Wildlife Conservation Park

It should also be noted that this discussion does not provide an exhaustive summary of all the enrichment techniques available for primates, and not all of the techniques discussed will necessarily work with every taxa and/or all individuals. Therefore, enrichment...

Year Published: 1993Animal Type: Nonhuman Primate

Citation: McCann, C. M., Thomas, O. R., Elbin, S. B. 1993. Primate enrichment at the International Wildlife Conservation Park. American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) Regional Conference Proceedings, 682-689.