Nonhuman Primate

The effects of elementary environmental enrichment on the behavior of captive Java macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

The aim of this study was to determine the short-term effects of simple, cost-effective enrichment techniques. .... In the presence of simple enrichment [ranging 'from food to foliage to plastic objects'], isolate housed macaques showed slight decreases in abnormal behaviors...

Year Published: 1993Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Knowles, L. 1993. The effects of elementary environmental enrichment on the behavior of captive Java macaques (Macaca fascicularis). American Journal of Primatology 30, 324 (Abstract).

Enrichment for primates in a toxicology facility

Ice cubes have been given to hundreds of [probably single-housed] monkeys, and we found no ill effects (e.g., broken teeth).

Year Published: 1993Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Nonhuman Primate

Citation: McNulty, J. 1993. Enrichment for primates in a toxicology facility. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 32(2), 16.

Environmental enrichment for captive wildlife through the simulation of gum feeding

Gum-feeders consisted of eight dowel segments with four drilled-out circular cavities (gum reservoirs) that were stacked onto a threaded, metal rod, secured with wing nuts, and wired onto the existing cage furniture. The marmosets not only accepted and fed from...

Year Published: 1993Animal Type: Marmoset, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Kelly, K. 1993. Environmental enrichment for captive wildlife through the simulation of gum feeding. Animal Welfare Information Center (AWIC) Newsletter 4(3), 1-2 & 5-10.

Small primate enrichment at the Calgary Zoo, part 2: Lemurs

Some enrichment options are reported. These lemurs require branches of a substantial size for resting on, as they usually like to lie flat on a branch with limbs dangling on either side for balance.

Year Published: 1993Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Lemur, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: McGivern, L. 1993. Small primate enrichment at the Calgary Zoo, part 2: Lemurs. The Shape of Enrichment 2(4), 9-10.

Conflict avoidance among rhesus monkeys: coping with short-term crowding

Two contrasting models were examined, each of which predicts a relationship between space and aggression in primates. A 'spatial density' model predicts that as spatial densities increase aggressive responses also increase. A more recent 'coping model' suggests that, over long...

Year Published: 1993Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Judge, P. G., De Waal, F. B. M. 1993. Conflict avoidance among rhesus monkeys: coping with short-term crowding. Animal Behaviour 46(2), 221-232.

Primate enrichment at the International Wildlife Conservation Park

It should also be noted that this discussion does not provide an exhaustive summary of all the enrichment techniques available for primates, and not all of the techniques discussed will necessarily work with every taxa and/or all individuals. Therefore, enrichment...

Year Published: 1993Animal Type: Nonhuman Primate

Citation: McCann, C. M., Thomas, O. R., Elbin, S. B. 1993. Primate enrichment at the International Wildlife Conservation Park. American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) Regional Conference Proceedings, 682-689.

A rich ape is a happy ape

Chimpanzees were attracted to boxes right away, but quickly grew tired of them. In comparison, orangutans tore the boxes up, but used them even more after they were torn into several pieces.

Year Published: 1993Animal Type: Chimpanzee, Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Jones, R. 1993. A rich ape is a happy ape. ChimpanZoo Conference Proceedings, 79-82.

Affiliation tactics prior to a period of competition in captive groups of stumptail macaques

We show that, subjected to predictable daily routines, captive stumptail macaques adjust their affiliative interactions as if maximizing the benefits of a particular relationship. For 8 months the frequency of diurnal social grooming interactions and competition to groom a third...

Year Published: 1993Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Mayagoitia, L., Santillan-Doherty, A. M., Lopez-Vergara, L. et al. 1993. Affiliation tactics prior to a period of competition in captive groups of stumptail macaques. Ethology Ecology and Evolution 5(4), 435-446.

IPS International guidelines for the acquisition, care and breeding of nonhuman primates, Codes of Practice 1-3

Internationally accepted professional standards for the housing, handling of and environmental enrichment for nonhuman primates. Size of enclosure is only of significance in terms of usable space and complexity within [p. 8]. ... The vertical dimension of the cage is...

Year Published: 1993Topics: Regulations & Ethical ReviewAnimal Type: Nonhuman Primate

Citation: International Primatological Society 1993. IPS International guidelines for the acquisition, care and breeding of nonhuman primates, Codes of Practice 1-3. Primate Report 35, 3-29.

Stimulating natural behaviors: Enrichment for brains and hands

Observing that our animals were interested in the water gave us the idea of offering live feeder gold fish in the exhibit pools as a form of captive enrichment. When we introduced this activity, the adult male, Dom, a wild-caught...

Year Published: 1993Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Maxwell, J. 1993. Stimulating natural behaviors: Enrichment for brains and hands. The Shape of Enrichment 2(1), 1-2.