Macaque

Survey of NIH-Funded Investigators Who Use Nonhuman Primates

Current use of nonhuman primates: 58% Rhesus macaques, 10% Long-tailed macaque, 10% Baboons, 7% Pig-tailed macaques, 4% Squirrel monkeys, 3% Chimpanzees, < 2% Other species. Respondents' most common recommendation for meeting future nonhuman primate needs deal with increasing the availability...

Year Published: 2002Animal Type: Baboon, Chimpanzee, Macaque, Nonhuman Primate, Squirrel Monkey

Citation: Humanitas, I. 2002. Survey of NIH-Funded Investigators Who Use Nonhuman Primates. National Center for Research Resources, Bethesda, MD.

Baseline and stress levels of cortisol in conscious and unrestrained Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)

When macaques were subjected to oral administration [involving squeezing] of water via nasal cavity with catheter, the plasma cortisol level increased about twofold. Enforced venipuncture was also accompanied by a cortisol increase.

Year Published: 2002Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Suzuki, J., Ohkura, S., Terao, S. 2002. Baseline and stress levels of cortisol in conscious and unrestrained Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Journal of Medical Primatology 31, 340-344.

Training non-human primates to co-operate with scientific procedures in applied biomedical research

The present paper will describe the process introduced in our laboratory for training rhesus monkeys to respond to voice commands in order to facilitate transit to a remote testing location.

Year Published: 2002Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Scott, L., Pearce, P. C., Fairhall, S. et al. 2002. Training non-human primates to co-operate with scientific procedures in applied biomedical research. In: Congress of the International Primatological Society . 183 (Abstract). Mammalogical Society of China, Beijing, China.

Positive reinforcement training as a technique to alter non-human primate behavior: Quantitative assessments of effectiveness

We found that positive reinforcement techniques alter the expression of affiliative behavior in group-housed, female rhesus macaques. ... We found a statistically significant reduction in aggression when meals were fed to group-living chimpanzees using a co-operative feeding technique. .... We...

Year Published: 2002Animal Type: Chimpanzee, Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Schapiro, S. J., Bloomsmith, M. A., Laule, G. E. 2002. Positive reinforcement training as a technique to alter non-human primate behavior: Quantitative assessments of effectiveness. In: Congress of the International Primatological Society . 181-182 (Abstract). Mammalogical Society of China, Beijing, China.

Effects of social manipulations and environmental enrichment on behavior and cell-mediated immune responses in rhesus macaques

In general, enrichment of the inanimate environment with toys, structures, foraging devices, and/or videotapes increased the amount of species-typical behavior expressed by the monkeys, but did not affect their immune responses. Housing monkeys socially, on the other hand, not only...

Year Published: 2002Topics: Environmental Enrichment, Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Schapiro, S. J. 2002. Effects of social manipulations and environmental enrichment on behavior and cell-mediated immune responses in rhesus macaques. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 73, 271-278.

Training macaques to voluntarily co-operate during two common procedures: Blood collection and capture of group-housed animals

Ten male, pair-housed rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and six female, pair-housed stump-tailed macaques (M. arctoides) were successfully trained to actively cooperate during in-homecage venipuncture. Training was based on positive reinforcement with food-treats and vocal praise, consistent firmness, gentleness and patience....

Year Published: 2002Topics: Animal Training, Biological Sampling & Physiological MeasurementAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V., Buchanan-Smith, H. M., Prescott, M. J. 2002. Training macaques to voluntarily co-operate during two common procedures: Blood collection and capture of group-housed animals. In: Congress of the International Primatological Society . 182-183 (Abstract). Mammalogical Society of China, Beijing, China.

The myth of the aggressive monkey

Captive rhesus macaques are not intrinsically aggressive, but poor husbandry and handling practices can trigger their aggression towards conspecifics and towards the human handler. The statement 'rhesus macaques are so aggressive animals' is probably based on the fact that basic...

Year Published: 2002Topics: Handling, Housing, Husbandry & Management, Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 2002. The myth of the aggressive monkey. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 5(4), 321-330.

Artificial weaning of Old World monkeys: Benefits and costs

The perceived benefits of permanent, pre-weaning mother-infant separation are not supported by scientific findings. ... As long as there is an excessive number of monkeys and insufficient cage space, there is no ethically legitimate reason for attempting to enhance the...

Year Published: 2002Topics: Husbandry & Management, Rearing & WeaningAnimal Type: Baboon, Macaque, Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 2002. Artificial weaning of Old World monkeys: Benefits and costs. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 5(2), 151-156.

Addressing the social needs of macaques used for research

The present paper summarizes the author's experiences transferring a colony of rhesus macaques mulatta) from individual- to pair-caging. ... The implementation of pair-housing as standard caging at Wisconsin RPRC was not excessively expensive in terms of work time and material....

Year Published: 2002Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 2002. Addressing the social needs of macaques used for research. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 41(3), 7-10.

Short-term effects of an environmental enrichment program for adult cynomolgus monkeys

We evaluated the overall effect of our environmental enrichment program in 40 newly arrived male and female adult cynomolgus monkeys. ... Behaviors were assessed over a 5-week period. .. Animals that had environmental enrichment made use of additional cage space,...

Year Published: 2002Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Turner, P., Grantham, L. E. 2002. Short-term effects of an environmental enrichment program for adult cynomolgus monkeys. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science 41, 13-17.