Macaque

Pair-housing rather than single-housing for laboratory rhesus macaques

Two different pair formation options for adult female and male rhesus macaques are described and tested: Pairing adults with adults of the same sex after establishment of dominance-subordination relationships during a noncontact familiarization period, and pairing adults with naturally weaned,...

Year Published: 1994Topics: Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1994. Pair-housing rather than single-housing for laboratory rhesus macaques. Journal of Medical Primatology 23(8), 426-431.

Continuous pair-housing of caged Macaca mulatta: Risk evaluation

Pairs were compatible in 88% of cases during the follow-up period of 1 to 6.3 years. There were no indications that long-term compatibility of male pairs was less than that of female pairs.

Year Published: 1994Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1994. Continuous pair-housing of caged Macaca mulatta: Risk evaluation. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 33(1), 1-4.

Effective environmental enrichment for caged rhesus macaques

The animals spent approximately 20% of the [day] time interacting with the companion, 10% perching on the PVC pipe, 4% gnawing/manipulating the branch segment and 7% foraging for primary food.

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental Enrichment, Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1994. Effective environmental enrichment for caged rhesus macaques. In Touch 1(2), 1 & 3-5.

Caged rhesus macaques voluntarily work for ordinary food

Eight single-caged adult rhesus macaques were given the choice of freely collecting their standard food ration, i.e. 33 biscuits, from an ordinary food box or working for its retrieval from a custom- made food puzzle. During a one-hour observation session...

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental Enrichment, Husbandry & Management, Natural BehaviorAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1994. Caged rhesus macaques voluntarily work for ordinary food. Primates 35, 95-98.

Behavioral management of specific pathogen-free rhesus macaques: Group formation, reproduction, and parental competence

Breeding colonies of specific pathogen-free (SPF) rhesus macaques were established to eradicate the transmission of Herpesvirus simiae and several retroviruses in this species. Strategies to attain this goal included the combination of large numbers of monkeys into groups, the establishment...

Year Published: 1994Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Schapiro, S. J., Lee-Parritz, D. E., Taylor, L. L. et al. 1994. Behavioral management of specific pathogen-free rhesus macaques: Group formation, reproduction, and parental competence. Laboratory Animal Science 44, 229-234.

Effects of enrichment on veterinary treatment of laboratory rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

For captive primates, environmental enrichment may improve psychological well-being, as indicated by changes in the frequency of species-typical and abnormal behaviours. The effects of enrichment on physical well-being have also been examined, but little attention has been devoted to the...

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental Enrichment, Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Schapiro, S. J., Bushong, D. 1994. Effects of enrichment on veterinary treatment of laboratory rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Animal Welfare 3(1), 25-36.

Behavioral effects of enrichment on pair-housed juvenile rhesus monkeys

Environmental enhancers were frequently utilized, and led to relatively small changes in behavior between control and enriched subjects, suggesting that the presence of a partner for juvenile rhesus monkeys acts as a form of enrichment that may dilute the effects...

Year Published: 1994Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Schapiro, S. J., Bloomsmith, M. A. 1994. Behavioral effects of enrichment on pair-housed juvenile rhesus monkeys. American Journal of Primatology 32, 159-170.

Time investment in continuous implementation of an effective environmental enhancement plan

A well-functioning environmental enhancement plan for 1000 macaques requires a qualified person who commits at least 50% of her/his time to the day-to-day operation of the program.

Year Published: 1994Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1994. Time investment in continuous implementation of an effective environmental enhancement plan. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 33(1), 13-14.

Traditional handling procedures of laboratory nonhuman primates are an intrinsic source of distress: What can be done?

With some professional expertise and goodwill, there should be no real need to resort to forceful restraint when doing research with nonhuman primates.

Year Published: 1994Topics: Animal Training, RestraintAnimal Type: Baboon, Capuchin, Chimpanzee, Lemur, Macaque, Marmoset, Nonhuman Primate, Other Nonhuman Primate, Owl Monkey, Squirrel Monkey, Vervet (African Green Monkey)

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1994. Traditional handling procedures of laboratory nonhuman primates are an intrinsic source of distress: What can be done? In Touch 1(4), 1 & 6-7.

Survey of environmental enhancement for research macaques

A survey of 11 facilities. The percentage of caged macaques permanently:a) exposed to enrichment objects ranged from 18% to 100% with a mean of 86%,b) housed in pairs or small groups ranged from 0% to 98% with a mean of...

Year Published: 1994Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Reinhardt, V. 1994. Survey of environmental enhancement for research macaques. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 33(3), 1-2.