Macaque

Kong toys as enrichment devices for singly-caged macaques

Providing objects such as Kong toys to macaques in single-animal housing with little or no opportunity for manipulation is mildly enriching to some of the monkeys. Periodically removing and reintroducing the toys would increase their enrichment value.

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Crockett, C. M., Bielitzki, J. T., Carey, A. et al. 1989. Kong toys as enrichment devices for singly-caged macaques. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 28(2), 21-22.

Jelly sticks and activity balls for bears (and others!)

An 'activity ball' for Celebes macaques is described.

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: All/General, Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Cowan, K. 1989. Jelly sticks and activity balls for bears (and others!). The Shape of Enrichment 7(2), 8-9.

Modification of stereotypic behavior in rhesus monkeys using videotapes, puzzlefeeders, and foraging boxes

Results of this study demonstrate that foraging boxes and puzzle feeders can reduce stereotypic behavior significantly [in single-housed subjects]. Audiovisual stimuli through videotapes were also useful environmental tools; however, some stereotypic behavior continued.

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Meunier, L. D., Dukting, J. T., Landi, M. S. 1989. Modification of stereotypic behavior in rhesus monkeys using videotapes, puzzlefeeders, and foraging boxes. Laboratory Animal Science 39, 479 (Abstract).

Influence of cage size on heart rate and behavior in rhesus monkeys

In single-housed subjects there were no significant differences in basal heart rates or activity counts as a function of cage size [of barren, single cages].

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Line, S. W., Morgan, K. N., Markowitz, H. et al. 1989. Influence of cage size on heart rate and behavior in rhesus monkeys. American Journal of Veterinary Research 40, 1523-1526.

Heart rate and activity of rhesus monkeys in response to routine events

Adult female rhesus macaques responded with a significant, protracted increase in heart rate to being placed in transfer boxes while their dirty cages were replaced with clean ones. The mean heart rate remained elevated for two hours after completion of...

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Line, S. W., Morgan, K. N., Markowitz, H. et al. 1989. Heart rate and activity of rhesus monkeys in response to routine events. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 28(2), 9-12.

Adult female rhesus macaque responses to novel objects

At least half of the [single-housed] subjects used each of the objects presented [plastic ball, ring and block]. The large behavioral variation both within and between monkeys suggests individual preferences for objects, and indicates the need for long-term evaluation on...

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Line, S. W., Clarke, A. S., Markowitz, H. 1989. Adult female rhesus macaque responses to novel objects. Lab Animal 18(4), 33-35, 37 & 39-40.

Evaluation of attempts to enrich the environment of single-caged non-human primates

A review of early studies of enrichment for single-housed primates. Our experience with cage toys suggests that after a very short time (a few days or less), most macaques will lose interest in the objects that are offered. Rhesus macaques...

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Line, S. W., Markowitz, H., Morgan, K. N. et al. 1989. Evaluation of attempts to enrich the environment of single-caged non-human primates. In: Animal Care and Use in Behavioral Research: Regulation, Issues, and Applications . Driscoll, J. W. (ed), 103-117. Animal Welfare Information Center National Agricultural Library , Beltsville, MD.

The effect of four types of restraint on serum ALT and AST in cynomolgus monkeys

This study showed that manual manipulation and restraint will significantly increase ALT [alanine aminotransferase] and AST [aspartate aminotransferase].

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Kissinger, J. T., Landi, M. S. 1989. The effect of four types of restraint on serum ALT and AST in cynomolgus monkeys. Laboratory Animal Science 39, 496 (Abstract).

Enriching the lives of captive primates: issues and problems

Discussion of the concept of 'psychological well-being'. For troop-living primates such as rhesus monkeys, the best way to promote their well-being in the laboratory may be to rear them with partners or in social groups. ... Before we conclude that...

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Novak, M. A. , Drewsen, K. H. 1989. Enriching the lives of captive primates: issues and problems. In: Housing, Care and Psychological Wellbeing of Captive and Laboratory Primates. Segal, E. F. (ed), 161-182. Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ.

Short-term and long-term benefits of environmental enrichment on laboratory rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

The animals were transferred from their barren group cage to a more spacious playroom equipped with climbing /perching structures and swings for one hour per day, five days a week: The animals showed a decline in the frequency of three...

Year Published: 1989Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: O'Neill, P. L. 1989. Short-term and long-term benefits of environmental enrichment on laboratory rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) Regional Conference Proceedings, 616-625.