Macaque

Incorporation of enrichment objects in threat displays by laboratory rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Self-directed aggression in laboratory macaques is commonly considered an abnormal behavioral pattern signaling psychological disturbance, whether it is in the form of self-injurious behavior (SIB) or is just part of a self-directed threat display (SDD). Objects such as Kong® toys...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Abnormal/Problematic Behavior, Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Leland, S. P., West, A. M., Erwin, J. M. et al. 2007. Incorporation of enrichment objects in threat displays by laboratory rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). American Journal of Primatology 69(S1), 50. (30th Meeting of the American Society of Primatologists Scientific Program, Abstract #43)

Chapter 9.5. Multi-Tier Caging

In a quantitative study I did on 20 pair-housed cynos, the animals spent 94 percent of their waking time in the upper part of the vertically arranged double cage. All food was given in the bottom section, yet the animals...

Year Published: 2007Topics: HousingAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Chapter 9.5. Multi-Tier CagingMaking Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 158-161. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Chapter 7.4. Pole-and-collar training of macaques

While strictly using positive reinforcement and applying patient gentle-firmness, most macaques can be trained to cooperate during the pole-attachment-chairing procedure. Some cannot be trained, because they have problems overcoming their often-legitimate mistrust of humans.

Year Published: 2007Topics: Animal Training, Handling, RestraintAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Chapter 7.4. Pole-and-collar training of macaques. In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 127-130. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Chapter 8.7. Swimming Pool for Macaques

We give our pair-housed cynos bathtubs, filled with 30 to 40 cm deep warm water, a few times a week, and have never encountered any problems other than a lot of splashing. Some monkeys take luxurious baths, others climb a...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Chapter 8.7. Swimming Pool for Macaques. In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 145. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Chapter 5.1. Pair Formation and Pair-Housing of Monkeys

The PI who does research with our pair-housed rhesus insists that cage companions be separated during the night and on weekends, so that they cannot fight and injure each other while nobody is around. I would love to keep the...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Chapter 5.1. Pair Formation and Pair-Housing of Monkeys. In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 95-101. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Chapter 5.3.1. Post-Operative Care

It is my experience with rhesus macaques that it is advisable to pair-house an animal after surgery as soon as possible with his or her compatible companion. We do this especially with pairs, after one of them had cranial implant...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Social Housing & Companionship, Surgery & Post-OpAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Chapter 5.3.1. Post-Operative Care. In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 101-103. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Chapter 4.17. Vertical Space Enhancement

Most of the primates' natural environment is fixed. Even a tree is fixed; it's only at the end of branches where a monkey in nature would have the sensation of anything like a swinging perch. A fixed perch is a...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Chapter 4.17. Vertical Space Enhancement. In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum - . Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 82-85. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Chapter 4.5. Mirrors

All of our single-housed long-tailed macaques have mirrors mounted on swivels that are attached to the outside of their cages, low enough so that an animal can chose to either bend down and intentionally look into the mirror or to...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Chapter 4.5. Mirrors. In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 60-61. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Chapter 4.4. Coconuts

Rhesus don't care much about coconuts, but stump-tailed macaques are fascinated by them and do not get tired working on them until the last morsel has disappeared in the drop pan. It never occurred that one of the monkeys somehow...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Chapter 4.4. Coconuts. In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 60-61. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Behavioral management of deleterious aggression in rhesus macaques

New management strategies for detecting social instabilities and promoting social cohesion are needed to reduce aggression-based morbidity and mortality among captive groups of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). This study determined the utility of social network theory for deciphering patterns of...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: McCowen, B., Anderson, K., Heagerty, A. et al. 2007. Behavioral management of deleterious aggression in rhesus macaques. American Journal of Primatology 69(S1), 91. (30th Meeting of the American Society of Primatologists Scientific Program, Abstract #125)