All/General

Euphemism – do we really sacrifice animals? In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum

If we use the terms sacrificing or euthanizing with full awareness of what they actually imply to animals in research, we are honest to ourselves and we will do our very best to minimize the discomfort, pain and distress that...

Year Published: 2007Topics: EuthanasiaAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Euphemism - do we really sacrifice animals? In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 23-24. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Extraneous variables

This chapter deals with the following extraneous variables: Exposure to distressed conspecifics; construction noise; researcher; workdays versus weekends/holidays; individually ventilated caging (IVC); restraint tube for rodentsExposure to distressed conspecifics: Being exposed to a distressed conspecific changes the physiological equilibrium of...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Husbandry & ManagementAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Extraneous variables. In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 153-163. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Legal space requirement stipulations

It would be a lot easier for us to improve the housing conditions for our animals if we had some legal regulations prescribing the quality of the enclosure space rather than just its minimum size. Perhaps, experts of the various...

Year Published: 2007Topics: HousingAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Legal space requirement stipulations. In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 30-32. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Self-awareness – do animals recognize themselves? In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum

Some species we are working with respond to the reflection they perceive in a mirror. They may use a mirror to see objects that they could otherwise not see, and they may respond to the reflection of other conspecifics and...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Emotion, Pain, & SentienceAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Self-awareness - do animals recognize themselves? In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 24-25. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Stress and distress

Stress as such is not harmful, even though it challenges the subject's physiological equilibrium. Severe stress or prolonged stress both develop into distress, when the subject can no longer cope with the stressor and shows maladaptive responses. A stressed animal...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Emotion, Pain, & SentienceAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Stress and distress. In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 36-37. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Supporting animal technicians implementing the 3Rs

The NC3Rs (National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research) recognises and supports the important role that animal technicians play in reducing animal suffering and achieving high standards of animal welfare. Animal technicians are well placed...

Year Published: 2007Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Playle, L., Scott, A. 2007. Supporting animal technicians implementing the 3Rs. Animal Technology and Welfare 6(1), 25-27.

Ethics and Refinement in animal research

Journals should give authors space to describe refinement and welfare precautions. We demonstrate that such descriptions are rare ... implying a real dangere that animals will have to suffer unnessessarily, and that animal welfare will be improved later than necessary.

Year Published: 2007Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Olsson, I. A. S., Hansen, A. K., Sandoe, P. 2007. Ethics and Refinement in animal research. Science 317, 1680.

The challenge of challenge: Can problem solving opportunities enhance animal welfare?

Cognitive mechanisms are an important part of the organization of the behavior systems of animals. In the wild, animals regularly face problems that they must overcome in order to survive and thrive. Solving such problems often requires animals to process,...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Meehan, C. L., Mench, J. A. 2007. The challenge of challenge: Can problem solving opportunities enhance animal welfare? Applied Animal Welfare Science 102(3-4), 246-261.

Institutional survey on quarantine enrichment in zoos

Year Published: 2007Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Corcoran Gomez, K., Hedberg, G. E. 2007. Institutional survey on quarantine enrichment in zoos . Shape of Enrichment 16(1&2), 6-10.

Appendix A of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes

Progressive regulations pertaining to the species-appropriate housing and handling of animals kept in research labs.Because the common laboratory non-human primates are social animals, they should be housed with one or more compatible conspecifics. .. Single housing should only occur if...

Year Published: 2007Animal Type: All/General, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Council of Europe 2006. Appendix A of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes (ETS No. 123) Enacted June 15, 2007. Council of Europe, Strasbourg, France.