All/General

Enrichment and primate centers: Closing the gap between research and practice

Facilities with thorough IACUC reviews of enrichment issues provided social housing for a significantly larger proportion of primates in biomedical research studies than did those with rare IACUC reviews.

Year Published: 2007Topics: Environmental Enrichment, Social Housing & CompanionshipAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Baker, K. C. 2007. Enrichment and primate centers: Closing the gap between research and practice. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 10(1), 49-54.

Animal Models in Toxicology (2nd Ed.)

Year Published: 2007Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Gad, S. C. 2007. Animal Models in Toxicology (2nd Ed.). CRC/Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton: FL.

Integrated approaches to developing and implementing the 3Rs at MRC NIMR

A number of different 3Rs initiatives are described. Refinement: The use of methods that alleviate or minimise potential pain, suffering or distress, and enhance animal welfare. [p 131] At NIMR [National Institute for Medical Reserch], animal technicians led the work...

Year Published: 2007Animal Type: All/General, Mouse, Rodent

Citation: Fern, S. L. 2007. Integrated approaches to developing and implementing the 3Rs at MRC NIMR. Animal Technology and Welfare 6, 129-136.

Environmental enrichment: A GAP analysis

GAP analyses are tools used to inform us about the short-comings of a scientific area or necessities in social–economic problems. In the last 20 years, environmental enrichment as an area of scientific investigation has come of age; this can be...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: de Azevedo CS, Cipreste CF, Young RF. 2007. Environmental enrichment: A GAP analysis. Applied Animal Welfare Science 102(3-4), 329-343.

Genetic engineering and other factors that might affect human-animal interactions in the research setting

The ability to carefully observe an animal's behavior is key in carrying out an animal-wellness assessment and in minimizing pain and distress. Attention to human-animal interactions in the research setting represents an opportunity for refinement for large numbers of animals...

Year Published: 2007Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Comber, J., Griffin, G. 2007. Genetic engineering and other factors that might affect human-animal interactions in the research setting. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 10(3), 267-277.

Examining scientific standards

On the basis of this paper's conclusions (White et al., 1989), the USDA decreased their cage size requirements and removed the increased space requirement for breeding guinea pigs. How well did the study determine the space needs of guinea pigs?...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Regulations & Ethical ReviewAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Carbone, L. 2007. Examining scientific standards. Lab Animal 36(10), 41-43.

Environmental enrichment: mirrors, music, toys, paper-based items and wooden objects

The literature suggests that mirrors may be useful to buffer isolation stress in some species. We do not really know if being forced to listen to loud music of the personnel's liking is also to the animals' liking. If it...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: All/General, Dog, Rabbit, Rat, Rodent

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Environmental enrichment: mirrors, music, toys, paper-based items and wooden objects. In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 60-71. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Environmental enrichment: Definition and criteria of effectiveness

Regardless of how we define the term environmental enrichment, it will always distract from the fact that we do not enrich the environment of captive animals, but provide them, at best, with opportunities to express very basic behavioral needs.Biologically relevant...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Environmental enrichment: Definition and criteria of effectiveness. In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 47-51. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Emotionality – is it unprofessional to cry? In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum

It is not unprofessional to cry when you face situations in which animals have to endure unnecessary discomfort, pain or distress while you are helpless to interfere on their behalf. The expression of sadness in such situations is a reflection...

Year Published: 2007Topics: Human-Animal InteractionAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Emotionality - is it unprofessional to cry? In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 19-22. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.

Adoption of animals after research completion

Rather than killing animals who are no longer useful for research, many laboratories have started releasing animals for adoption by personnel and by private homes. Some of these adoption programs have proven to be very successful.

Year Published: 2007Topics: Relocation & TransportAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: LAREF [Laboratory Animal Refinement and Enrichment Forum] 2007. Adoption of animals after research completion. In: Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs: Discussions by the Laboratory Animal Refinement & Enrichment Forum. Baumans, V., Coke, C., Green, J., Moreau, E., Morton, D., Patterson-Kane, E., Reinhardt, A., Reinhardt, V., Van Loo, P. (eds), 27-29. Animal Welfare Institute, Washington, DC.