All/General

Purposeful enrichment

This presentation explores the role of purposeful enrichment in the problem-solving process to address abnormal behavior.

Year Published: 1998Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Laule, G. E. 1998. Purposeful enrichment. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. Hare, V. J. , Worley, E. (eds), 32-37. The Shape of Enrichment, San Diego, CA.

Positive reinforcement training as an enrichment strategy

Principles of positive reinforcement training are clearly outlined and applications reviewed. Animals are reinforced with pleasurable rewards for the desired behavioural response. Operationally, this means that positive alternatives are exhausted before any kind of negative reinforcement is used. Punishment is...

Year Published: 1998Topics: Animal TrainingAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Laule, G. E. , Desmond, T. 1998. Positive reinforcement training as an enrichment strategy. In: Second Nature - Environmental Enrichment for Captive Animals. Shepherdson, D. H., Mellen, J. D., Hutchins, M. (eds), 302-313. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.

Using volunteers to promote behavioral enrichment at zoos

Limited staff and limited resources can negatively impact the ability to provide ongoing enrichment. Our goal is to provide novelty, opportunity and choice for every zoo animal, every day. We encourage other zoos to look into ways to [also] incorporate...

Year Published: 1998Topics: Human-Animal InteractionAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Houts, L. 1998. Using volunteers to promote behavioral enrichment at zoos. Animal Keepers' Forum 25(5), 12-13.

Importance of non-statistical design in refining animal experiments

If scientists wish to claim they practise humane science then they have to pay as much attention to avoiding unnecessary pain and distress to their animals as they do to their scientific objectives.

Year Published: 1998Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Morton, D. B. 1998. Importance of non-statistical design in refining animal experiments. Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching [ANZCCART] News 11(2), 1-12.

Zoos, enrichment, and the skeptical observer

Increasing cage size as a means by which to enrich and enhance an animal habitat may not be worth the cost, at least under conditions in which the size of the cage is the only aspect that is altered. ......

Year Published: 1998Topics: Environmental Enrichment, HousingAnimal Type: All/General, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Morgan, K. N., Line, S. W., Markowitz, H. 1998. Zoos, enrichment, and the skeptical observer. In: Second Nature - Environmental Enrichment for Captive Animals. Shepherdson, D. H., Mellen, J. D., Hutchins, M. (eds), 153-171. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.

Norwegian Regulation on Animal Experimentation

The following definitions apply in this Regulation:laboratory animal : living mammals, including embryonic forms and foetal stages, birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians, with their free-living immature stages, and decapods.

Year Published: 1998Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Ministry of Agriculture 1998. Norwegian Regulation on Animal Experimentation. Oslo, Norway.

Environmental enrichment and the importance of exploratory behavior

As we reconsider our housing and care systems for animals in captivity, satisfying the high-priority behavioral needs of animals should be the central consideration.

Year Published: 1998Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Mench, J. A. 1998. Environmental enrichment and the importance of exploratory behavior. In: Second Nature - Environmental Enrichment for Captive Animals. Shepherdson, D. H., Mellen, J. D., Hutchins, M. (eds), 30-46. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.

Memorial Services for Animal Research Subjects

For several years, the University of Guelph has been the site of an event that appears to be unique in North America: a memorial service to acknowledge animal used in research and testing.

Year Published: 1998Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Taylor, A. A. , Davis, H. 1998. Memorial Services for Animal Research Subjects. In: Encyclopedia of Animal Rights and Animal Welfare. Bekoff, M. , Meaney, C. A. (eds), 223-225. Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut.

Abnormal behavior: Action not reaction

This paper will present an overview of the literature on abnormal behavior, in order to establish a context for the effective use of enrichment to address these types of problems. .... Abnormal behavior may function as an adaptive coping response...

Year Published: 1998Topics: Abnormal/Problematic Behavior, Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Stone, A. M. 1998. Abnormal behavior: Action not reaction. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. Hare, V. J. , Worley, E. (eds), 265-269. The Shape of Enrichment, San Diego, CA.

Advancing refinement of laboratory animal use

Refined methods in animal research are those which alleviate or minimise the pain, distress or other adverse effects suffered by the animals involved, and/or enhance animal well-being. [p 137]

Year Published: 1998Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Smaje, L. H., Smith, J. A., Combes, R. D. et al. 1998. Advancing refinement of laboratory animal use. Laboratory Animals 32, 137-142.