All/General

Assessment of discomfort in laboratory animals

Discomfort and stress before and during the experimental procedure will lead to non-specific effects due to e.g. endocrinological and immunological changes, resulting in a jeopardized experimental outcome.

Year Published: 1994Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Van Herck, H., Baumans, V., de Boer, S. F. 1994. Assessment of discomfort in laboratory animals. In: Auto-Immune Disease Models, a Guidebook. Cohen, J. , Miller, A. (eds), 03-320. Academic Press, New York, NY.

Evolving a behavioral management program

For behavioral management to be truly integrated into operational policies, someone who is directly responsible for the behavioral management should be involved at the level of policy making.

Year Published: 1995Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Bloomsmith, M. A. 1995. Evolving a behavioral management program. The Shape of Enrichment 4(1), 7-10.

Innovations in research animal care

Implementing enriched housing programs and policies assists the scientific community in meeting its ethical responsibilities toward the animals used in research.

Year Published: 1995Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Benn, D. M. 1995. Innovations in research animal care. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 205, 465-468.

The Three Rs: the way forwards

Refinement alternatives encompass those methods which alleviate or minimise potential pain and distress, and which enhance animal wellbeing. [p 848]

Year Published: 1995Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Balls, M., Goldberg, A. M., Fentem, J. H. et al. 1995. The Three Rs: the way forwards. ATLA (Alternatives to Laboratory Animals) 23, 838-866.

Implementation of innovative housing for laboratory animals

The best form of environmental complexity and diversity for an animal, is another animal [p. 168]. General considerations regarding more species-appropriate housing and handling practices.

Year Published: 1995Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Love, J. A. 1995. Implementation of innovative housing for laboratory animals. In: Proceedings of the Animals in Science Conference. Johnston, N. E. (ed.), 168-175. Research Ethics Unit, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.

Environmental Enrichment: When and Why?

Year Published: 1995Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: De Passilli, A. M. 1995. Environmental Enrichment: When and Why? Publication NRAES-84. Northeast Regional Agricultural Engineering Service [NRAES], Ithaca, NY.

Use of positive reinforcement training techniques to enhance animal care, research, and well-being

Training techniques are not described.

Year Published: 1995Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Laule, G. E. , Desmond, T. 1995. Use of positive reinforcement training techniques to enhance animal care, research, and well-being. In: Wildlife Mammals As Research Models: In the Laboratory and Field. Bayne, K. , Kreger, M. D. (eds), 54-59. Scientist Center for Animal Welfare , Bethesda, MD.

Addressing animal welfare from a behavioral perspective

Ways of measuring the impact of husbandry training and environmental enrichment are discussed.

Year Published: 1995Topics: Environmental Enrichment, Welfare AssessmentAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Laule, G. E. 1995. Addressing animal welfare from a behavioral perspective. American Zoo And Aquarium Association (AZA) Annual Conference Proceedings, 333-337.

When is environmental enrichment most effective?

General considerations for the development of an effective enrichment program in the zoo setting.

Year Published: 1995Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Lacinak, C. T., Turner, T. N., Kuczaj, S. A. 1995. When is environmental enrichment most effective? American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) Annual Conference Proceedings, 324-327.

The Shape of Enrichment: The first generation

Co-Editors of The Shape of Enrichment outline some basic principles of environmental enrichment in the zoo setting and review a few articles published in the Newsletter.

Year Published: 1995Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Hare, V. J., Worley, K. E. 1995. The Shape of Enrichment: The first generation. American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) Annual Conference Proceedings, 180-186.