All/General

Environmental enrichment: A review

The aims of this contribution are to look at three areas which are addressed by enrichment studies, within the context of a review: (1) the problems produced by spatial restriction, (2) the goals of enrichment, and (3) the evaluation of...

Year Published: 1989Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Chamove, A. S. 1989. Environmental enrichment: A review. Animal Technology 40(3), 155-178.

Recognizing behavioral needs

Behavioral needs may be defined as behaviors that are motivated largely by internal stimuli and, if an animal is prevented from performing them for prolonged periods, the individual's welfare may be compromised. .... First studying animals under 'natural' conditions, in...

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Friend, T. 1989. Recognizing behavioral needs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 22, 151-158.

Jelly sticks and activity balls for bears (and others!)

An 'activity ball' for Celebes macaques is described.

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: All/General, Macaque, Nonhuman Primate

Citation: Cowan, K. 1989. Jelly sticks and activity balls for bears (and others!). The Shape of Enrichment 7(2), 8-9.

Review of environmental enrichment in zoos

The purpose of this article is to draw attention to some of the work that has been done in zoos in order to stimulate new ideas and approaches to environmental enrichment.

Year Published: 1989Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Shepherdson, D. 1989. Review of environmental enrichment in zoos. RATEL (Journal of the Association of British Wild Animal Keepers) 16, 35-40.

Stereotypical behaviour: What is it and how can it be eliminated or prevented?

Curing severe and well-established stereotypies can be very difficult, so preventing their development is important.

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Shepherdson, D. 1989. Stereotypical behaviour: What is it and how can it be eliminated or prevented? RATEL (Journal of the Association of British Wild Animal Keepers) 16, 100-105.

Environmental enrichment

The aim of behavioural enrichment, therefore, is to provide an environment in which animals behave as closely as possible to their wild counterparts.

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Shepherdson, D. 1989. Environmental enrichment . RATEL (Journal of the Association of British Wild Animal Keepers) 16, 4-9.

Environmental enrichment: Measuring the behaviour of animals

Clear and simple guidelines to monitor the effectiveness of enrichment options.

Year Published: 1989Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Shepherdson, D. 1989. Environmental enrichment: Measuring the behaviour of animals. RATEL (Journal of the Association of British Wild Animal Keepers) 16, 134-139.

Alternative methodologies

A brief discussion of ways to avoid stressing research animals. Almost every animal commonly used in the laboratory responds positively to a little tender loving care. It's inexpensive, readily portable, safe even at the highest doses and spreads rapidly through...

Year Published: 1990Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Bennett, B. T. 1990. Alternative methodologies. In: Essentials for Animal Research: A Primer for Research Personnel. Bennett, B. T., Brown, M. J., Schofield, J. C. (eds), 13-25. United States Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.

Monitoring an enrichment program: A pilot evaluation

The lack of useful information generated by a check sheet system suggests that we will need to make longer-term observations of animals in an enrichment program to adequately assess the merits of the program.

Year Published: 1990Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Bayne, K., Dexter, S. L., Etzler, D. 1990. Monitoring an enrichment program: A pilot evaluation. Lab Animal 19(7), 33,37,39,40,42.

Adverse effects in animals and their relevance to refining scientific procedures

The author highlights areas in which suffering can be prevented, alleviated and avoided. The terms pain, stress, eustress, distress and fear are clearly defined to help in determining animal suffering. One has to recognize suffering by non-verbal means, i.e. through...

Year Published: 1990Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Morton, D. B. 1990. Adverse effects in animals and their relevance to refining scientific procedures. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals [ATLA] 18, 29-39.