All/General

Review of environmental enrichment in zoos

The purpose of this article is to draw attention to some of the work that has been done in zoos in order to stimulate new ideas and approaches to environmental enrichment.

Year Published: 1989Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Shepherdson, D. 1989. Review of environmental enrichment in zoos. RATEL (Journal of the Association of British Wild Animal Keepers) 16, 35-40.

Stereotypical behaviour: What is it and how can it be eliminated or prevented?

Curing severe and well-established stereotypies can be very difficult, so preventing their development is important.

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Shepherdson, D. 1989. Stereotypical behaviour: What is it and how can it be eliminated or prevented? RATEL (Journal of the Association of British Wild Animal Keepers) 16, 100-105.

Environmental enrichment

The aim of behavioural enrichment, therefore, is to provide an environment in which animals behave as closely as possible to their wild counterparts.

Year Published: 1989Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Shepherdson, D. 1989. Environmental enrichment . RATEL (Journal of the Association of British Wild Animal Keepers) 16, 4-9.

Environmental enrichment: Measuring the behaviour of animals

Clear and simple guidelines to monitor the effectiveness of enrichment options.

Year Published: 1989Topics: Environmental EnrichmentAnimal Type: All/General

Citation: Shepherdson, D. 1989. Environmental enrichment: Measuring the behaviour of animals. RATEL (Journal of the Association of British Wild Animal Keepers) 16, 134-139.

A brief discussion of ways to avoid stressing research animals. Almost every animal commonly used in the laboratory responds positively to a little tender loving care. It's inexpensive, readily portable, safe even at the highest doses and spreads rapidly through...

Year Published: 1990Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Bennett, B. T. 1990. Alternative methodologies. In: Essentials for Animal Research: A Primer for Research Personnel. Bennett, B. T., Brown, M. J., Schofield, J. C. (eds), 13-25. United States Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.

Monitoring an enrichment program: A pilot evaluation

The lack of useful information generated by a check sheet system suggests that we will need to make longer-term observations of animals in an enrichment program to adequately assess the merits of the program.

Year Published: 1990Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Bayne, K., Dexter, S. L., Etzler, D. 1990. Monitoring an enrichment program: A pilot evaluation. Lab Animal 19(7), 33,37,39,40,42.

Adverse effects in animals and their relevance to refining scientific procedures

The author highlights areas in which suffering can be prevented, alleviated and avoided. The terms pain, stress, eustress, distress and fear are clearly defined to help in determining animal suffering. One has to recognize suffering by non-verbal means, i.e. through...

Year Published: 1990Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Morton, D. B. 1990. Adverse effects in animals and their relevance to refining scientific procedures. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals [ATLA] 18, 29-39.

Farm Animal Behaviour and Welfare – Third Edition

Description of the species-typical and abnormal behavior of farm animals. Wool-pulling is generally performed by the most dominant sheep and is directed at subordinates. The sheep which receive most wool-pulling are usually those which are lowest in the social hierchy...

Year Published: 1990Animal Type: All/General, Bird, Chicken, Sheep

Citation: Fraser, A. F. , Broom, D. M. 1990. Farm Animal Behaviour and Welfare - Third Edition. Bailli?re Tindall, London, UK.

Animals in science: The justification issue

Professional bungling and inadequacy of animal care, with ensuing animal distress, can skew animal data and render the particular research useless.

Year Published: 1990Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Donnelley, S. 1990. Animals in science: The justification issue. In: Animal, Science and Ethics. Donnelley, S. , Nolan, K. (eds), 8-13. The Hastings Center Report, Briarcliff Manor.

Inhumane Society: The American Way of Exploiting Animals

Today I see the veterinary profession entangled in the economic web of animal exploitation, ranging from the inhuman incarceration of farm animals in industrialized factory farm systems ... to the too-often needless suffering and destruction of laboratory animals in biomedical...

Year Published: 1990Animal Type: All/General

Citation: Fox, M. W. 1990. Inhumane Society. The American Way of Exploiting Animals. St. Martin's Press, New York, NY.